跨太平洋生物入侵是当代最受关注、最具影响的生物学现象之一,这一过程导致并促进了新东亚-北美间断分布格局(与许多众所周知的古间断分布相对应)的形成. 为了更好地了解这一现象以及相关的生物类群,我们探讨了以下几个问题:1) 哪些类型的物种参与或可能会参与跨太平洋生物入侵,2)这些入侵种在入侵之后会发生什么变化以及会导致什么样的后果,3)为了有效地监控生物入侵,我们应该从哪些方面着手研究入侵种及其原生和非原生生境.为了解决这些问题,我们应该对原产地和入侵地的这些物种进行比较研究,这些研究包括:1)遗传学,2)生活史/形态学(如:个体大小、种子大小等),3)生态学(如:生活型/生长型、传粉媒介和竞争对手等),4)在原产地和入侵地的地理分布(如:分布区的大小、形状以及纬度等),5)物理影响因子(如土壤、水分和气候等).这些研究的目的在于:1)确定外来种在其原生生境中影响其分布的限制因子,2)了解入侵种能够在入侵地成功的原因,3)预测可能进一步发生的生物入侵,4)为有效地监控和管理生物入侵提供资料.%Trans_Pacific biological invasion is one of the most striking and influential biological phenomena occurring in modern times and the process is still accelerating, and the associated invasives form neo_disjuncts (cf. many well_known paleo_disjuncts) between eastern Asia and North America. To better understand this phenomenon and the related taxa, I address the following questions: 1) what types of species (e.g., life/growth form) have been, or are likely to be, associated with trans_Pacific (eastern Asia, North America) invasions; 2) what has happened or may happen to these species after their remote geographic separation, and 3) what aspects of these species and their native and non_native habitats should be better understood for improved control. To answer these questions, comparisons of the invasive species' characteristics in their native and invaded habitats need to be examined, including: 1) genetics, 2) life history/morphology (e.g., plant size, seed size, etc.), 3) ecology (e.g., life/growth forms, pollinators, competitors), 4) distributions (e.g., range size, shape, latitude) in their native (source) and introduced (target) ranges or habitats, and 5) physical factors such as soil, water, and climate. The purpose of these studies is 1) to identify the limiting factors that restrict the distributions of exotic species in native ranges, 2) to understand why invasive species are successful in the introduced ranges, 3) to predict possible future invasions, and, ultimately, 4) to provide information for more efficient and effective management.
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