人参皂苷Compound K[CK,20-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-20(S)-原人参二醇]是原人参二醇型人参皂苷在人体内主要吸收形式和药效实体.近年来,CK的药理活性研究又有了新进展:① CK可通过活化胱天蛋白酶8直接或通过线粒体途径间接地激活胱天蛋白酶3,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡;下调基质金属蛋白酶9基因的表达,抑制肿瘤细胞的转移;② 可通过下调多种炎症因子如白细胞介素-4(IL-4),IL-6,肿瘤坏死因子α等及环氧合酶2与一氧化氮合酶的表达而发挥抗炎、抗过敏和神经保护作用;③ 可阻断ATP敏感性K+离子通道,促进胰岛素分泌,增强组织胰岛素敏感性,抑制糖异生,促进糖酵解,对胰岛素依赖性糖尿病表现出良好的疗效;④ 可上调核苷切除修复相关蛋白基因的表达,减少紫外线引起的DNA损伤,防止皮肤老化等.本文重点对近几年有关CK的药理活性及其作用机制研究新进展进行综述.%Ginsenoside compound K ( CK ), 20-O-β- (D-glucopyranosyl) -20 ( S ) -protopanaxadiol, is a major form of protopanaxadiol type saponins absorbed by the human body after oral administration, and a real component that mediates pharmacologic actions. Recently, new progress has been made in studies on pharmacological actions:① CK can activate caspase 8, which plays a key role in CK-stimulated apoptosis via activation of caspase 3 directly or indirectly through mitochondria pathway and can regulate the metastasis and invasiveness of tumor cells by downregulating metalloproteinase 9 gene expression; ② CK can reduce expression levels of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and inhibit secretion of some pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 4 ( IL4), IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-α, which are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and neuro-protective activities; ③ CK can enhance the insulin secretion by blocking the ATP sensitive K + channel, improve insulin sensitivity, and shift glucose metabolisim from hepatic glucose production to hepatic glucose utilization in the liver, suggesting that CK be a therapeutic reagent for type 2 diabetic patients; ④ CK can prevent the ultraviolet radiation induced skin damage by up-regulating nucleotide excision repair gene expression.
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