基因芯片技术在抗肿瘤药物研究和肿瘤诊断中的应用

摘要

Tumorigenesis is the combined effect of environmental and genetic factors on organisms, causing activation of multiple oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes through a multistep, mutagenic process whereby cells undergo a series of physiological changes including regulation of apop-tosis and repairs of DNA damages. Gene chip technology is an emerging molecular biology technique developed in the mid-1990s. lt has high-throughput, multifactorial, miniaturized, sensitive, quick and other characteristics in genetic analyses. Application of these features in tumor research which involves a number of genetic changes could shed much light on tumor development so as to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of tumors. ln this paper, progress in gene chip technology for screening antitumor drug reaction mechanisms and antitumor drugs, toxicology of antitumor drugs, pharmacogenomics, tumor diagnosis and the search for tumor related genes were reviewed.%肿瘤的发生发展是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用于机体，通过多步骤诱变过程导致多个癌基因激活和抑癌基因失活，细胞发生包括凋亡调节和DNA修复损伤等一系列生理功能改变的结果。基因芯片技术是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种新兴分子生物学技术，在基因分析方面具有高通量、多因素、微型化和快速灵敏等特点，因此将基因芯片技术运用到涉及众多基因改变的肿瘤研究中，可以更全面地了解肿瘤发生发展机制，为肿瘤的诊治打下坚实的基础。本文就近些年来基因芯片技术在抗肿瘤药物的作用机制筛查、药物筛选和毒理学研究、药物基因组学、肿瘤诊断以及寻找肿瘤相关基因等抗肿瘤领域的进展进行综述。