伴有心脏疾病的甲状腺癌患者围手术期临床治疗经验

摘要

目的 探讨伴有心脏疾病的甲状腺癌患者围手术期临床治疗经验.方法 以2014年4月至2018年2月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的伴有心脏疾病的39例甲状腺癌患者为研究对象进行回顾性分析,其中男25例,女14例;年龄在59～75岁,平均年龄(67.3±6.2)岁.围手术期临床监测指标包括:心脏超声左心室射血分数(LVEF)、冠状动脉(冠脉)CT显示的血管狭窄程度、实验室检查超敏肌钙蛋白I(TNI)、B型利钠肽(BNP)、纤维蛋白原降解产物、凝血指标等.50％≤LVEF<60％的26例;40％≤LVEF<50％的10例;36％≤LVEF<40％的3例.术前冠脉CT检查显示无3支冠脉狭窄>75％,搭桥血管通畅,支架术后冠脉通畅.0≤BNP<100 ng/L的患者27例,100 ng/L≤BNP<400 ng/L的患者7例,400 ng/L≤BNP<700 ng/L的患者5例.围手术期用药包括采用低分子肝素替代口服抗凝等.对于LVEF<40％的3例患者及400≤BNP<700 ng/L的5例患者,应用强心、利尿、营养心肌治疗1周.以SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析.结果 39例患者均在全麻下顺利完成甲状腺癌根治术,其中全甲状腺切除32例,腺叶及峡部切除7例;侧颈清扫23例(40侧).39例患者中1例术后3 d出现心衰,给予强心、利尿等治疗2周后好转出院.余38例未发生围手术期心脏相关事件及脑血管、肺脏血栓.0≤BNP<100 ng/L且50％≤LVEF<60％组与0≤BNP<100 ng/L且36％≤LVEF<50％组麻醉准备时间差异有统计学意义(t=-8.884,P<0.001).结论 术前应用多指标充分评估心脏功能,参考心脏超声与冠脉CT检查结果,进行改善心脏功能治疗;做好伴有心脏疾病的甲状腺癌患者围手术期的风险评估与管理,可安全施行规范的甲状腺癌手术.%Objective To explore the perioperative clinical treatment of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 thyroid cancer patients with heart disease admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2014 to February 2018, including 25 males and 14 females, the age ranged from 59 to 75 years, with an average age of 67.3 ± 6.2 years. Perioperative clinical monitoring indicators included cardiac ultrasound left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), degree of vascular stenosis revealed by coronary CT, hypersensitive troponin I (TNI), b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), fibrinogen degradation products, and coagulation indexes. This panel of patients comprised 26 cases with 50％ ≤LVEF<60％, 10 cases with 40％ ≤ LVEF<50％, 3 cases with 36％≤LVEF<40％, 27 cases with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L, 7 cases with 100≤BNP<400 ng/L, and 5 cases with 400≤BNP<700 ng/L. Coronary CT showed no coronary artery stenosis>75％. The vascular graft was patent and the coronary artery after stenting was unobstructed. For 3 patients with LVEF<40％ and 5 patients with BNP>400 ng/L,cardiotonic,diuretic,and nutritional myocardial therapy were used for 1 week. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results All 39 patients successfully completed the operation under general anesthesia,including 32 cases of total thyroidectomy,7 cases of glandular lobe and isthmic resection,and 40 cases of lateral neck dissection. One patient developed heart failure three days after surgery and was discharged after two weeks of treatment . No other cardiac related events,cerebrovascular and pulmonary thrombosis occurred during the perioperative period. The anesthesia preparation time was significant different between the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L and 50％≤LVEF<60％ and the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng / L and 36％≤LVEF<50％. Conclusions Multi-indicators were utilized to adequately assess cardiac function before surgery. According to the results of cardiac ultrasound and coronary CT examination, the corresponding treatment should be conducted to improve the cardiac function. After the perioperative risk assessment and management of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease,standardized thyroid cancer surgery can be performed safely.