汉语普通话单音节测听表的多中心复测信度研究

摘要

目的 研究自行开发的汉语普通话单音节测听表在不同方言区听力正常人群中的复测信度.方法 选择北方方言、吴越、闽北、闽南、粤、鄂等6个典型的方言区,确定大连、上海、杭州、武汉、广州、福州、厦门等7个城市作为测试中心.每个测试中心分别招募22名听力言语正常受试者.以均衡排序的方式测试每位受试者全部22张字表在言语听力级7 dB下的单音节识别率,间隔10 d至1个月后在完全相同的条件下重复进行第二轮测试.结果 相关分析显示前后两次单音节识别测试得分之间存在较密切的线性相关关系(r=0.682,P<0.01).配对student-t检验表明初测得分与复测得分之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),总体复测平均得分(68.5%)高于初测平均得分(65.8%)2.7%,得分差值的标准差为10.1%.本测试材料在7个中心的总体95%可信区间临界差值为19.8%,相当于5个测试项.单因素方差分析显示总体的两次得分差值具有统计学意义(P<0.01).7家中心总体的得分差值与两次测试的时间间隔之间无相关关系(P=0.947).结论 测试变异度在各方言测试中心之间存在差异.汉语单音节识别材料受记忆效应的影响小.Pearson相关系数r不适用于测听材料复测信度的评估.%Objective To develope 22 Chinese Mandarin monosyllable lists with good psychometrical equivalence.This study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of these lists when it was used in speech recognition test in normal hearing dialectal speakers.Methods Seven cities including Dalian,Shahghai,Hangzhou,Wuhan,Guangzhou,Fuzhou and Xiamen were selected as testing centers which contain 6 typical Chinese dialectal regions including north of China,East of China,north of Fujian,south of Fujian,Guangdong and mid-south of China.At each center,22 local normal hearing people were selected to ioin this study.Every participant was tested by each recognition test of all 22 lists twice in twosessions and same test order respectively.The second run of testing was carried out within 10 days-1 month since first run of testing.Results There was a significant correlations between scores obtained at the two sessions(r=0.682.P<0.01).Paired student-t test had shown that a gross seore of all dialectal participants was significantly higher than that of initial test to retest(P<0.01).The mean increment of score was(2.7±10.1)%.A significant difierence of test-retest score in 7 sites was 19.8% and it was equal to 5 test items.A one way ANOVA analysis had indicated that there were statistically significant difference between the score improvement of 7 test sites(P<0.01).Another analysis had shown that there was no significant correlation between test-retest score improvement and intra-session intervals(P=0.947).Conclusions Mandarin monosyllabic recognition test seems to be more stable,and the present study has indicated a systematic differences in Chinese Mandarin monosyllable recognition scores between test and retest.Monosyllable recognition test iS not susceptible to memorv effect.Pearson's correction analysis is not suitable to evaluation for test-retest reliability.