运动对绝经后妇女骨密度影响的研究进展

摘要

In order to investigate the effect of exercise on BMD in postmenopausal women, we review from the literatures in three aspects, including the pattern of exercise, the dose of exercise, and the difference of regions beneficial from exercise.It is concluded that various weight-bearing exercises, leisure exercises, and resistant exercises maintain BMD of postmenopausal women effectively, and the combinations with resistant exercise improve BMD better.The necessary dose of different exercise is different to maintain BMD in postmenopausal women.Time longer than 7 months and more than 2 times/week are the minimal dose to maintain BMD in postmenopausal women.The effect of exercises in BMD may disappear when the exercises stop.The lumbar vertebrae of postmenopausal women are the most sensitive region to exercise.The precise dose of different exercises and how to improve BMD of the other region, except lumbar vertebrae, are the directions for future research.%为了进一步探讨运动对绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的影响,采用文献资料法,从"什么运动方式可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"多大的运动剂量可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"运动提高绝经后妇女BMD的部位差异"三个方面进行了综述,研究认为各种形式的抗体重运动、休闲运动、抗阻运动都可有效维持绝经后妇女BMD,与抗阻运动相结合的复合运动方式对改善绝经后妇女BMD更有效果.不同运动方式改善绝经后妇女骨密度所需要的剂量有所不同,持续时间高于7个月、频率大于2次/周是有效改善绝经后妇女BMD的最低剂量,持续运动对绝经后妇女BMD的保持作用会随着运动的停止而消失.绝经后妇女腰椎是受运动影响最敏感的部位.不同运动方式所需要的精确剂量,以及如何有效改善绝经后妇女腰椎以外的其他部位BMD是未来研究的主要方向.