腰椎间盘突出症术后的中远期疗效分析

摘要

Objective To investigate retrospectively the long-term results of discectomy for patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods From July 1988 to May 2003, 273 cases of 1040 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation undergone surgical treatment in our hospital were followed up. All patients were divided three groups according the time of follow-up. The follow-up time was three years as middle follow-up group (Ⅰ), five years as longer follow-up group(Ⅱ) and ten years and more as sup-longer follow-up group (Ⅲ). Sixty-eight cases(24.91%) were in group Ⅰ, including 42 males and 26 females, with the average age of 43.7 years (14-63 years). The group Ⅱ included 141 cases (51.65%), 92 males and 49 females, with the average age of 46.1 years (18-76 years). As group ⅡⅢ, 64 cases (23.44%) were included 46 males and 18 females, with the average age of 43.5 years (20-63 years). The standards Scoring System of Chinese Spinal Association (CSA) and Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used for investigation. Results According to CSA system, the total good and excellent rate of surgical treatment for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation was 89.0%. The percentage of the satisfactory of the group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were 92.6%, 91.5% and 79.7% respectively. There was significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The score of JOA were 24.75±5.08, 22.43±6.55, 21.64±7.18 postoperatively, with significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Conclusion The mid-term results of surgery for patients with lumbar iutervertebral disc herniation is good, and the good and excellent rate decreases gradually with the follow-up time. The results were similar to each other for evaluation between the standard of CSA and JOA.%目的 回顾性分析腰椎间盘突出症术后的中远期疗效.方法 1988年7月至2003年5月因腰椎间盘突出症接受腰椎间盘摘除术的病历资料完整的患者273例,采用问卷调查方式,通过电话、信函以及门诊复查收集疗效评估资料.根据随访时间将患者分为三组:中期随访组,随访时间3年以上(包含3年)5年以下,男42例,女26例,平均年龄43.7岁(14～63岁);长期随访组,随访时间5年以上(包含5年)10年以下,男92例,女49例,平均年龄46.1岁(18～76岁);超长期随访组,随访时间10年以上(包含10年),男46例,女18例,平均年龄43.5岁(20～63岁).采用中华医学会骨科学分会脊柱学组腰背痛手术评定标准及日本骨科学会(JOA)腰背痛手术治疗评分标准进行分析,数据经统计学处理,比较不同随访时间组的疗效及其特点.结果 (1)依据中华医学会骨科学分会脊柱学组腰背痛手术评定标准,273例患者的总优良率为89.0%,中期随访组、长期随访组和超长期随访组优良率分别为92.6%、91.5%和79.7%,其中中期随访组与长期随访组、超长期随访组的差异有统计学意义.(2)术前JOA评分平均为9.32分,术后为24.15分.各组术前JOA评分差异无统计学意义.术后中期随访组、长期随访组和超长期随访组JOA评分分别为(24.75±5.08)、(22.43±6.55)、(21.64±7.18)分,中期随访组与长期随访组、超长期随访组的差异有统计学意义.结论 腰椎间盘突出症术后的中期疗效较好,随时间延长,优良率下降,术后3～5年的手术疗效明显好于10年以上者.开窗髓核减压术的疗效优于半椎板切除减压术和全椎板切除减压术.