脑源性神经营养因子与视网膜神经节细胞损伤与修复的研究进展

摘要

青光眼视神经损伤后轴浆流阻断,神经营养因子剥夺,视网膜神经节细胞凋亡且不会自发再生.作为重要的神经营养素家族成员之一,脑源性神经营养因子在视网膜神经节细胞的损伤与修复过程中具有重要的意义,但是其在青光眼中的信号通路仍不十分明了.因此有必要就脑源性神经营养因子的结构、受体、分布及其对视网膜神经节细胞存活和轴突再生的作用和信号通路进行综述,以期为青光眼的视神经保护治疗提供理论依据.%Blocking of retrograde transport after the optic nerve injury results in deprivation of neurotrophic support to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),and leads to apoptotic cell death in glaucoma.As an important member of neurotrophins,the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a substantial role in the repair of retinal ganglion cells injury,but its signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glaucoma remains unclear.This review focuses on the structure,distribution and receptors of BDNF and its effects on RGC survival, axon regeneration and relevant signaling pathway, to provide theoretical foundation for neuroprotective treatment of glaucoma.