特发性颅内压增高(IIH)是以颅内压增高和视盘水肿为特征,并常出现头痛、一过性视力丧失和搏动性耳鸣等症状的神经系统疾病.该病好发于育龄期女性,90.0%以上患者有肥胖或体重超重;多数患者会出现不同程度的视力损伤,甚至少数发生盲目.采用Frisén分级体系、视野以及频域光相干断层扫描等检查手段可从结构和功能多层面对IIH所致视盘水肿进行评估和监测.近年来国外开展的IIH治疗试验证实了减轻体重及低盐饮食联合乙酰唑胺治疗IIH伴轻度视力损伤有明确的改善作用.深入了解IIH病因及其所致视盘水肿的发病机制、临床表现、诊断要点及主要治疗方法具有重要的临床意义.%Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disease, characterized by increased intracranial pressure and papilledema, and often associated with headache, transient loss of vision and pulsatile tinnitus. IIH typically occurs in women of childbearing age. Over 90.0% of patients are with obesity or over weighted. Loss of sensory visual function is the major morbidity associated with IIH and some patients even develop into blindness. Most patients will have varied degrees of visual impairment, or even a few become blind. Frisén grading system, visual field examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography can be used to evaluate and monitor the IIH papilledema functionally and morphologically. In recent years, IIH treatment trials in other countries confirmed that, weight loss and low-salt diet combined with acetazolamide treatment has a clear improvement for IIH patients with mild visual impairment. In-depth understanding of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and the main treatment has important clinical significance for IIH patients
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