颈动脉支架成形术对缺血性眼病患者眼部血流动力学改变的临床观察

摘要

目的 观察缺血性眼病(IOP)患者经颈动脉支架成形术(CAS)治疗后眼部血流动力学改善情况.方法 前瞻性临床对照研究.符合CAS治疗适应证的IOP患者60例60只眼纳入研究.患者至少一侧颈内动脉狭窄,彩色多普勒超声血流成像(CDFI)检查显示颈内动脉狭窄率≥50％.患者中,视网膜中央动脉阻塞3只眼、视网膜静脉阻塞15只眼、缺血性视神经病变37只眼、眼缺血综合征5只眼.根据患者自愿原则分为CAS组及药物对照组,分别为32例32只眼、28例28只眼.两组患者年龄(t=1.804)、性别构成(x2=1.975)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗前及治疗后1周、6个月所有患眼行荧光素眼底血管造影、CDFI、数字减影全脑血管造影检查.对比观察患眼臂-视网膜循环时间(A-Rct),眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)的收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RJ)变化以及最佳矫正视力(BCVA)改变.结果 治疗前,CAS组、药物对照组患眼A-Rct(t=1.354)、BCVA(t=0.376)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);OA、CRA的PSV(t=-0.294、-2.446)、EDV(t=0.141、-0.305)、RI(t=-0.222、-0.694)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后不同时间点CAS组患眼A-Rct均低于药物对照组,1周时差异有统计学意义(t=-3.205,P＜0.05),但6个月时差异无统计学意义(t=1.345,P＞0.05).两组患眼BCVA均随治疗后时间延长而提高;不同时间点BCVA比较,CAS组均优于药物对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=0.800、1.527,P＜0.05).治疗后不同时间点CAS组患眼OA、CRA的PSV、EDV均高于药物对照组,RI低于药物对照组,1周时差异有统计学意义(OA:F=3.936、3.513、3.450,CRA:F=1.791、2.877、-5.578;P＜0.05),但6个月时差异无统计学意义(OA:F=3.481、3.225、2.743,CRA:F=1.057、2.057、-1.819;P＞0.05).结论 与传统药物治疗相比,CAS治疗后颈动脉狭窄性IOP患者明显改善眼部血液供应,并对视功能恢复有帮助.%Objective To observe the effects of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on ophthalmic artery blood flow in patients with ischemic ophthalmopathy (IOP).Methods A prospective case-control study.Sixty IOP patients (60 eyes) who met inclusive criteria for CAS were enrolled in this study.There was 50％ stenosis of internal carotid artery on one side at least confirmed by color doppler flow imaging (CDFI).Among 60 eyes,there were 3 eyes with central retinal artery occlusion,15 eyes with retinal vein occlusion,37 eyes with ischemic optic neuropathy,5 eyes with ocular ischemia syndrome.The patients were randomly divided into CAS group (32 eyes of 32 patients) and medicine therapy group (28 eyes of 28 patients).The difference of age (t=1.804) and sex (x2=1.975) between two groups was not significant (P＞0.05).The examinations of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),CDFI and digital substraction angiography (DSA) were performed before,1 week and 6 months after treatment.The following parameters were recorded:arm-retinal circulation time (A-Rct),peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity (EDV),and resistance index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA),and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).Results There was no significant differences in A-Rct (t=1.354) and BCVA (t=0.376) between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).Also,there was no significant differences in PSV (t=-0.294,-2.446),EDV (t=0.141,-0.305),and RI (t=-0.222,-0.694) of OA and CRA between the two groups before treatment before treatment (P＞0.05).Compared with the medicine therapy group,the lower A-Rct was found in the CAS group at different time points after the treatment.The difference was significant on 1 week after treatment (t=-3.205,P＜0.05),but not on 6 months after treatment (t=1.345,P＞0.05).The BCVA of eyes in the two groups were increasing with the extending of time of therapy.Compared with the medicine therapy group,the better BCVA was found in the CAS group at different time points after the treatment (t=0.800,1.527;P＜0.05).Compared with the medicine therapy group,the higher PSV,EDV and lower RI of OA and CRA were found in the CAS group at different time points after the treatment.(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional medicine therapy,CAS shows earlier effects in improving ocular hemodynamics for IOP patients with carotid artery stenosis,which benefits visual function improvement of the patients.