神经超声在Chacot-Marie-Tooth1型和慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病鉴别诊断中的价值

摘要

目的 明确慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病(CIDP)和Chacot-Marie-Tooth 1型(CMT1)神经超声改变的特点,确定神经超声在二者鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 前瞻性收集2014年1月至2015年7月北京协和医院诊治的临床诊断为CIDP的患者18例、CMT1患者13例,无神经系统疾病的对照组16名.分别对正中神经和尺神经进行神经超声测定,测定时沿着神经走行,由远端向近端移动高频超声探头,分别选择10个部位测定神经横截面积.结果 CMT1患者正中神经各个测定部位的横截面积(mm2) (10.5±5.3、10.9±3.6、11.5±5.0、13.5±4.4、16.0±4.5、17.1±5.1、21.0±4.5、24.3±6.9、23.9±6.0、22.4±6.7)均明显大于CIDP组(7.8±2.4、6.8±1.9、7.3±1.8、7.2±2.5、7.2±2.1、7.0±2.8、9.5±4.8、9.5±4.3、10.2±4.3、9.8±2.1)(两组各个测定部位之间比较的t值分别为2.141、4.766、2.935、4.858、6.715、6.602、7.148、7.100、8.078、6.498,均P＜0.05).CMT1患者尺神经各个测定部位的横截面积(rnm2) (7.9±1.8、8.9±2.0、13.5±1.9、15.0±4.3、15.8±4.4、11.6±2.3、10.2±3.2、14.0±3.0、19.2 ±3.7、18.1±3.6)也均明显大于CIDP组(4.0±1.3、4.9±1.3、6.5±2.4、6.5±1.5、6.8±3.3、6.9±3.1、7.6±2.8、6.6±2.1、7.6±4.4、6.3±2.5)(两组各个测定部位之间比较的t值分别为7.652、7.414、9.194、6.893、6.443、4.766、2.561、7.897、8.113、11.554,均P＜0.05).CIDP组正中神经有8个部位、尺神经有8个部位的横截面积明显大于对照组(均P＜0.05).受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,当采用神经超声横截面积来鉴别CIDP和CMT1时,正中神经8个部位、尺神经9个部位的曲线下面积大于0.9.结论 在CMT1患者进行神经超声测定,可见各个部位的横截面积均明显增大,与CIDP有显著不同.神经超声横截面积测定可以作为辅助鉴别CIDP和CMT1的方法之一.%Objective To determine whether peripheral nerve ultrasound can differentiate CharcotMarie-Tooth type 1 (CMT1) from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).Methods Eighteen patients with CIDP,13 patients with CMT1 and 16 healthy controls were recruited prospectively from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2014 and July 2015 for this study.Ultrasonographic tests were performed via nerve tracing from wrist to axilla on median and ulnar nerve with a 10 MHz linear array probe.The cross sectional areas (CSAs) were measured at 10 defined sites of the nerves,respectively.Results CSAs (mm2) at all sites of median nerve were significantly increased in CMT1 than in CIDP (10.5 ±5.3 vs7.8 ±2.4,10.9 ±3.6 vs 6.8 ±1.9,11.5 ±5.0 vs7.3 ±1.8,13.5 ± 4.4vs7.2±2.5,16.0±4.5vs7.2±2.1,17.1±5.1vs7.0±2.8,21.0±4.5vs9.5±4.8,24.3±6.9 vs 9.5 ±4.3,23.9 ±6.0 vs 10.2 ±4.3,22.4 ±6.7 vs 9.8 ±2.1;t=2.141,4.766,2.935,4.858,6.715,6.602,7.148,7.100,8.078,6.498,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).CSAs (mm2) at all sites of ulnar nerve were significantly increased in CMT1 than in CIDP (7.9 ± 1.8 vs 4.0 ± 1.3,8.9 ± 2.0 vs 4.9 ± 1.3,13.5±1.9 vs6.5±2.4,15.0±4.3 vs 6.5 ±1.5,15.8 ±4.4 vs 6.8 ±3.3,11.6±2.3 vs6.9± 3.1,10.2±3.2vs7.6±2.8,14.0±3.0vs6.6±2.1,19.2±3.7vs7.6±4.4,18.1±3.6vs6.3± 2.5;t =7.652,7.414,9.194,6.893,6.443,4.766,2.561,7.897,8.113,11.554,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).CSAs at 8 sites of median nerve and 8 sites of ulnar nerve were significantly increased in CIDP than in healthy controls.Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis revealed that CSA was suited for differentiating CMT1 from CIDP,and the area under curve in 8 sites of median nerve and 9 sites in ulnar nerve was more than 0.9.Conclusions CSAs measured at different sites by peripheral nerve ultrasound in CMT1 were significantly increased than in CIDP.Measurement of CSAs by peripheral nerve ultrasound can be used for differentiating CMTI from CIDP.