精神分裂症患者及其未患病父母的脑皮层影像学研究

摘要

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者及其未患病父母脑皮层形态的改变。方法纳入精神分裂症患者33例及其未患病生物学父母63名，招募对照组1（30名）与对照组2（28名）分别与患者组和父母组对照。采集高分辨率结构头颅磁共振成像数据，通过FreeSurfer软件计算脑皮层体积、厚度、表面积、曲率及数个皮层下结构体积，分别比较患者组和父母组与各自对照组间的差异。结果患者组左半球前扣带回中部、枕中回、岛下沟、枕颞沟外侧，右半球枕颞回外侧、颞中回、岛上沟、颞下沟和双侧半球后扣带回背侧、颞上沟脑区皮层厚度较对照组1下降（均P＜6.0×10-4，经Bonferroni校正）；协方差分析示父母组与对照组2相比，左半球近中央沟、额下回三角区、额中回、枕极、脑岛环状沟上段、额下沟、枕中及月状沟、眶沟外侧，以及右半球枕中回、外侧裂后段、中央前回下部脑区皮层厚度下降（均P<0.05），但经多重比较校正后组间差异均无统计学意义（均P>6.0×10-4）。结论皮层厚度可作为精神分裂症患者皮层形态改变的特异性指标，并存在一定的遗传性。%Objective To investigate the morphological abnormalities of the brain cortex in schizophrenic patients and their parents. Methods We recruited 33 schizophrenic patients, 63 their unaffected biological parents. Thirty well matched healthy controls served as control group 1 (for patients), and 28 well matched healthy controls as control group 2 (for parents). The high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Freesurfer software were used to measure the gray matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, curvature and volume of subcortical regions on all the sub-jects. Results The patients demonstrated significant reduction of cortical thickness in the left middle-anterior cingulate, middle occipital gyrus, inferior circular sulcus of the insula, lateral occipito-temporal sulcus, the right lateral occipito-temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior circular sulcus of the insula, inferior temporal sulcus, the bilateral poste-rior-dorsalcingulated gyrus and superior temporal sulcus (P<6.0×10-4,corrected by Bonferroni method). Compared with control group 2, the unaffected parents exhibited slight reduction of cortical in the left subcentral, triangular part of the in-ferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior circular sulcus of the insula, occipital pole, inferior frontal sulcus, mid-dle occipital sulcus and lunatus sulcus, lateral orbital sulcus, the right middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, posterior lat- eral sulcus and inferior precentral sulcus, but the reduction was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions Our results indicate that cortical thickness can specifically reflect the brain morphological abnormalities of schizophrenia and the reduction of cortical thicknes may be a heritable phenotype of schizophrenia.