某部舰艇艇员生活质量影响因素及其对策研究

摘要

Objective To study the present status of the quality of life (QOL) of the submarine crew and the influencing factors. Methods The WHO Quality of Life - BREF and self - made general condition questionnaire were used to evaluate 1202 submariners of a certain naval unit. Results The total QOL scores for self - assessment was 76.54 ± 14.42, while physiological, psychological, social and environmental scores of the submariners were 68.66 ± 13.28, 65.31 ± 15.09, 62.49 ± 17.60 and 47.37 ± 16.47 respectively. When compared with those of the land -based mili1tary personnel, the physiological score was significantly higher,whereas the psychological, social and environmental scores were obviously lower ( P ＜ 0. 0l ). When a comparison was made between the compulsory servicemen, the senior enlisted and officers, there were no significant differences in physiological scores. However, the psychological and social scores of the compulsory servicemen were significantly higher than those of the senior enlisted. For environmental scores and total selfassessment scores, the compulsory servicemen got the highest score, while the officers got the lowest score.Regression analysis showed that the 9 factors concerning career satisfaction, environment adaption, wage,personal relationship with comrades - in - arms, relationship with leaders, smoking, knowledge on mental health and service years could explain the differences in the 18.9% variation of the QOL self - assessment score. Conclusions For the QOL scores of submariners of a certain naval unit, the psychological score was relatively higher, while the social and environmental scores of the submariners were lower than those of the land -based servicemen. Cognitive, behavioral and occupational characteristics were important factors affecting the QOL of submariners.%目的 了解某部舰艇艇员生活质量状况及其影响因素.方法 采用世界卫生组织生活质量简表和自编的一般情况问卷对海军某部舰艇艇员进行测试和分析.结果 某部舰艇艇员生活质量自评总分为(76.54±14.42)分,生理、心理、社会和环境领域的得分分别为(68.66±13.28)分、(65.31±15.09)分、(62.49±17.60)分和(47.37±16.47)分.与某部陆勤官兵比较,生理领域得分显著高于陆勤官兵,而在心理、社会和环境3个领域得分显著低于陆勤官兵(P＜0.01).对义务兵、士官和干部3种不同职别的舰艇艇员比较发现,他们在生理领域得分无差异,在心理和社会领域得分上,义务兵显著高于士官;在环境领域得分和自评总分上,义务兵得分最高,干部得分最低.影响因素分析显示某部舰艇艇员对专业的满意感、对环境的适应、对工资待遇的满意感、与战友的关系、年龄、与领导的关系、吸烟情况、对心理健康知识的了解及工作年限9个因素可解释生活质量自评总分18.9%的变异.结论 某部舰艇艇员生活质量在生理领域得分较高,在心理、社会及环境领域得分低于陆勤部队,认知、行为和职业特点是影响该舰艇艇员生活质量的重要原因.