基于清流水网的流域水污染控制战略和技术体系

摘要

面源污染是造成中国环境恶化的重要污染源.国内外已有的成功经验表明,实施基于流域的水环境污染控制战略是面源控制的有效途径.在多年面源污染控制实践并借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,复旦大学流域污染控制研究中心提出了一整套基于清流水网的流域水污染控制理念,具体包含三项指导性原则：①基于流域水环境容量的污染源优先控制级序；②流域内水污染的全过程控制；③注重营养物质高质循环和流域生态景观建设.围绕上述流域水污染控制理念,针对农村生活污水、农村固废、农田废水等主要面源,复旦大学流域污染控制研究中心在流域污染控制技术体系构建方面进行了不断的摸索、思考和尝试．并取得了一些阶段性的成果.%Nonpoint source pollution is one major source of environmental deterioration in China. The integrated watershed approach is effective for nonpoint source pollution control. On the basis of the successful experiences abroad as well as our own years of work in nonpoint source pollution control, Fudan University Basin Pollution Control Research Center put forward a complete framework of watershed pollution control and clean river network building with three guiding principles: (1) prioritize pollution control based on the watershed's environmental capacity: (2) control pollution from cradle to grave: (3) emphasize high-value nutrient recycling and watershed ecosystem recovery. To implement the above framework, Fudan University Basin Pollution Control Research Center conducted extensive research on pollution abatement from variousnonpoint sources including rural sewage, rural solid wastei and agricultural fields, and made some interim progress in the establishment of technology systems for watershed pollution control.