火星最有可能孕育出地外生命,是人类未来实现太空移民的首选星球.水是生命不可或缺的要素之一,是寻找火星生命的关键线索;同时,水又是影响岩浆活动和构造运动的主要因素,是联系火星内部活动与表生环境演化的纽带.大量的火星探测结果揭示了火星古环境的演化历史,从约35亿年前曾存在河流湖泊演变为现代寒冷干燥的地表.火星陨石是目前唯一获得的火星岩石样品,既携带了火星岩浆活动的信息,又通过与水相互作用,记录了火星的环境演化.其中,中国的南极火星陨石提供了1.9亿年前火星存在地下水活动的证据,而另一个新降落的火星陨石保存了可能与生命活动相关的有机质.%Mars is the most promising planet where life may have emerged outside the Earth. It is the best candidate planet to immigrate in the future. Water is an essential constituent of life, which is the key clue of searching for life on Mars. Meanwhile, water plays an important role in magmatism and tectonic activity, connecting the interior processes and the climate evolution of Mars. Numerous Mars exploration missions have uncovered the paleoclimate history, evolving from the existence offluvial water ~3.5 billion years ago to the present cool and dry surface. Martian meteorites are the only available rock samples from Mars, carrying the information of the magmatism and the paleoclimate evolution via rock-water reaction on Mars. Evidence for the presence of groundwater on Mars ~190 million years ago was found in the Martian meteorite collected by the Chinese Antarctica Expedition, and possible life-related organic matter was discovered in the recent Tissint Martian meteorite fall.
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