Genetic factors play important roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD). We mainly introduced some genes, which has been reported in recent years, predisposing to different aspects of AD. Besides, from the aspects of epigenetics, gene or drug therapy, we also discussed how to block the expression pathway of some predisposing genes, so as to inhibit or delay the development of AD. Except several genes related to familial AD and apolipoprotein E, some other predisposing genes related to sporadic AD remains controversal. Racial diversity and sample size might explain the disagreement of various researches. Therefore, further studies are needed for better diagnosis and gene therapy of AD.%本文主要介绍了遗传因素参与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制的研究进展,阐述了近年来国内外研究较多的与AD发病机制不同环节相关的易感基因,并从表观遗传学、基因或药物治疗方面,综述了如何阻断某些易感基因的表达通路,来抑制或延缓AD的发病进程.除了家族性AD的几个基因和载脂蛋白E的研究比较明确,其余的散发性AD易感基因尚有争议,其中种族差异性与样本量大小也是原因之一,故有待于进一步研究,为AD的早期诊断与基因治疗提出方向.
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