Objective To investigate the general condition, death cause, life expectancy and relevant influencing factors of military retired cadres in order to provide information for their health guidance and disease control and prevention. Methods A retrospective study was carried out for all retired cadres from Shanghai region who died in Changhai Hospital from March 1985 to January 2013. Their clinical data, including medical records, death records, death registration, were collected and analyzed. A questionnaire was surveyed for the dead persons’ family members. Results The death age ranged from 59 to 98 (79.39±7.30) years. Compared with the baseline data (1 year before their death), the white blood cell (WBC) count, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea (BU), and serum total bilirubin (TBIL) were significantly higher in their last hospitalization (P<0.05), but the red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), and A/G ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The 5 leading causes of death were tumor (41.9%), nervous system (16.9%), circulatory system (15.7%), respiratory system (10.5%), and endocrine and metabolic diseases (7.6%). The 5 leading disease entities of death were tumor (42.4%), coronary heart disease (12.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (8.7%), cerebral infarction (8.1%) and type 2 diabetes (7.6%). The 2 leading causes of tumor death were lung cancer (35.6%) and pancreatic cancer (9.6%). Conclusion Advance aged people are the main proportion in this group. Lung cancer is the most primary tumor causing death. And cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main cause for inpatient mortality. Hypertension and cerebral infarction are negatively, while regular exercises and drinking milk are positively correlated with life expectancy.%目的调查离休干部去世前一般身体状况、死因、以及寿限和相关影响因素，为军队离休干部的健康指导和疾病防治提供参考依据。方法以1985年3月至2013年1月所有在第二军医大学附属长海医院住院去世的上海地区军队干休所离休干部为研究对象，对其家属进行问卷调查，并查阅住院病历、死亡病历及死亡登记表。结果去世年龄为59～98（79.39±7.30）岁。去世前最后一次住院指标与去世前一年比较，血白细胞、空腹血糖、血肌酐、血尿素、血清总胆红素水平上升，血红细胞、血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、白球比水平下降（P＜0.05）。前五位死因分别为肿瘤（41.9%）、神经系统（16.9%），循环系统（15.7%），呼吸系统（10.5%），内分泌、营养与代谢疾病（7.6%）；前五位死亡病种分类分别为肿瘤（42.4%）、冠心病(12.8%)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(8.7%)、脑梗死（8.1%）和2型糖尿病（7.6%）；肿瘤前两位分别为肺癌（35.6%）和胰腺癌（9.6%）。结论该人群以高龄老人为主。肺癌是该人群最主要的致死肿瘤。心脑血管疾病是该人群住院死亡的主要原因之一。高血压病史、脑梗死病史与寿限呈负相关，经常体育锻炼、常饮牛奶与寿限呈正相关。
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