系统健康教育在鼻咽癌放疗患者中的应用

摘要

Objective To explore the application effect of systematic health education in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergone radiotherapy.Methods Eighty-three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the Department of Oncology,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College from January 2009 to January 2011 were randomly divided into two groups:the control group (41 patients) and the observational group (42 patients).The control group received routine health education,while the observational group received systematic health education with a health education guidebook throughout the treatment period.Questionnaire on the radiotherapy knowledge was used on the 10th day during radiation treatment to evaluate patients' mastering of the knowledge and their satisfaction with medical personnel.Results 98％ patients in the observational group knew the aetiological agent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,95％ of them knew the importance of radiotherapy,95％ patients knew the secondary reaction of radiotherapy and matters need attention,98％knew the dietary instruction and 98％ knew the discharge guidance,all of which were higher than those in control group (76％,78％,80％,78％,78％,respectively).The differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.742,5.332,4.260,7.499,7.499,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).In observational group,the incidence rate of mucous membrane of mouth reaction was 35.7％,radiodermatitis accounted for 35％,mucous membrane of nasopharynx accounted for 30.9％,jaw joint functional disorder accounted for 38％,all of which were lower than those in the control group (73.1％,70.7％,65.8％,75.6％,respectively).The differences were statistically significant (Hc =10.266,10.173,8.772,10.414,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).The satisfaction with medical personnel in observational group was 95％,was higher than that in the control group (80％),and the difference were statistically significant (x2 =4.26,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Systematic health education can increase the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients' knowledge about radiotherapy,reduce the incidence rates of adverse reactions,improve their satisfaction with the nursing,and promote good communication between patients and nurses.%目的 探讨系统健康教育在鼻咽癌放疗患者中的应用效果.方法 将2009年1月至2011年1月湛江市广东医学院附属医院肿瘤四区83例鼻咽癌接受放射治疗患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(42例)及对照组(41例),对照组采用普通健康教育(一般常规宣教),观察组在此基础上给予发放放疗健康教育手册,对患者放疗全过程进行系统的一对一教育.放疗期间第10天由护士组长发放放疗健康教育知识调查表,评价两组患者相关知识的掌握情况及患者对护理人员的满意度.结果 观察组患者对放疗相关知识的掌握程度:鼻咽癌发病原因(98％)、放疗重要性(95％)、放疗毒副反应及注意事项(95％)、饮食指导(98％)和出院指导(98％)的掌握度均高于对照组(分别为76％,78％,80％,78％,78％),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(x2分别为8.742,5.332,4.260,7.499,7.499;P ＜0.05),观察组患者的放疗毒副反应的发生率:口腔黏膜反应(35.7％)、放射性皮炎(30.9％)、鼻咽黏膜反应(35.0％),颌关节功能障碍(38.0％),均低于对照组(分别为73.1％,70.7％,65.8％,75.6％),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(Hc值分别为10.266,10.173,8.772,10.414;P ＜0.05),观察组患者对护理人员的满度(95％)明显高于对照组(80％),两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(x2=4.26,P＜0.05).结论 实施系统的健康教育能提高鼻咽癌患者放疗相关知识掌握水平,减少并发症,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,促进护患的沟通.