实习护生肝病防护知识及实习期间针刺伤事件的调查

摘要

目的 调查护生对肝病防护知识的认知及实习期间发生针刺伤的情况,并提出相应的对策.方法 通过自行设计的问卷,对实习即将结束的153名护生进行调查.问卷包括两部分,第一部分为调查者的基本资料,第二部分为有关肝病防护知识及实习期间发生针刺伤情况的调查表.结果 被调查护生中,1.96％在学校接受过肝病防护知识的培训;95.42％的护生知道血液和母婴传播是乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎最主要的传播途径,但只有24.18％的护生知道注射乙肝疫苗是预防乙型肝炎医源性传播最有效的措施;49.67％的护生知道经针刺伤传播危险系数最高的是乙型肝炎病毒;发生针刺伤时,只有32.03％认为戴手套操作可降低自身发生血源性感染的风险;47.05％的护生在8个月的临床实习期间发生过针刺伤.结论 护生对肝病防护知识的认知度不高,实习期间发生针刺伤情况严重,医院应加强护生有关肝病防护及针刺伤方面知识的岗前培训.%Objective To investigate nurse students' recognition of liver disease safety and needle stick injuries during their internship,and propose corresponding countermeasure.Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 153 nurse students.The questionnaire included two parts:basic information of the nurse students and their recognition of liver disease safety and needle stick injuries during their internship.Results Among 153 nurse students,1.96％ had received knowledge training on liver disease protection in schools.95.42％ knew that blood and mother-to-child transmission were the main route of transmission of hepatitis B and C,but only 24.18％ knew that hepatitis B vaccination was the most effective measure to prevent iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis B.49.67％ knew the needle stick injuries were most likely to transmit the hepatitis B.When the needle stick injuries happened,only 32.03％ knew that wearing gloves could reduce their own risk of blood-borne infections.Needle stick injuries occurred in 47.05％ of the nursing students during their eight months' internship.Conclusions Nursing students' awareness of liver disease protection is not enough and needle stick injuries occurred during their internship is in serious condition.Hospitals should strengthen pre-service training for nursing students on the knowledge of liver disease protection and needle stick injuries.