新生儿超声心动图正常参考值及Z值回归方程式的研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the reference values and Z scores regression equations of newborn undergoing echocardiography. Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight newborns (aged 0-28 days) of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital underwent echocardiography examination, including M-mode, two-dimensional (2D) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, color Doppler lfow imaging (CDFI) and tissue Doppler imaging. The correlation between echocardiography results and weight were analyzed and Z scores were calculated. Results The normal values of right ventricular diameter (RV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) measured by M-mode, the mitral annulus diameter in four chamber view (MV-D1), mitral annulus diameter in two chamber view (MV-D2), mitral annulus diameter in longitudinal view (MV-D3), aortic ring diameter (ARD), aortic sinus diameter (ASD), ascending aorta diameter (AAO), transverse aorta diameter (TA), aortic isthmus diameter (AI), aorta diaphragm diameter (AO-Dia), tricuspid annulus diameter in four chamber view (TV-D1), tricuspid annulus diameter in right ventricular inlfow tract view (TV-D2), right ventricular outlfow tract diameter (RVOT), pulmonary valve diameter (PVD) and main pulmonary artery diameter (PA) measured by 2D echocardiography and the normal values of mitral valve inflow Doppler component during early diastole (MV-E), mitral valve inlfow Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-A), tricuspid valve inlfow Doppler component during early diastole (TV-E), tricuspid valve inflow Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-A), aortic valve peak velocity (AV-max), aortic valve velocity-time integral (AV-VTI), pulmonary valve peak velocity (PV-max), pulmonary valve velocity-time integral (PV-VTI) measured by pulse Doppler, the mitral annular tissue Doppler component during systole (MV-s′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (MV-e′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-a′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during systole (TV-s′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (TV-e′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-a′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during systole (IVS-s′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (IVS-e′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (IVS-a′) measured by tissue Doppler, the normal values of left atrial volume (LAV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) measured by bi-plane method and the normal values of LVEDV, SV and CO measured by real-time tri-plane method, together with the normal values of left ventricular (LV) mass, left ventricular mass index [LV mass/BSA, LV mass/H2.7, body surface area (BSA) and height (H)], all showed nonlinear positive correlations with body weight (all P<0.01). The values of MV-E/A, PV-E/A, MV-e′/a′, TV-e′/a′, IVS-e′/a′, MV-E/IVS-e′, LV mass/LVEDV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) showed no correlations with body weight (all P>0.05). Except for RV, MV-D1, MV-D2, MV-D3, TV-D1, TV-E, MV-s′, IVS-a′, TV-s′and TV-e′, all R2 obtained by nonlinear regression method (lnY=a+bX+cX2+dX3) were larger than those obtained by linear regression method (Y=a+bX). The Z score showed a normal distribution and no correlation with body weight. Conclusions The normal reference values of newborn undergoing echocardiography reflect the variation in weight. The Z scores can be obtained by the predicted nonlinear regression equations and show standard normal distribution. The echocardiography normal reference values have important significance for the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal heart disease.%目的：研究新生儿超声心动图的正常参考值及其Z值回归方程，探讨新生儿心脏正常值的变化规律。方法对深圳市儿童医院288名出生0~28 d健康新生儿，进行超声心动图定量检测，包括M型、二维法、实时三平面几何法、多普勒血流、组织多普勒测量，并进行超声心动图结果与体重的相关回归分析，应用回归方程计算Z值。结果新生儿M型测量的右心室内径（RV）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）正常值，二维超声心动图测量的四腔图二尖瓣环内径（MV-D1）、两腔图二尖瓣环内径（MV-D2）、长轴图二尖瓣环内径（MV-D3）、主动脉瓣环内径（ARD）、主动脉窦内径（ASD）、主动脉升段内径（AAO）、主动脉弓内径（TA）、主动脉峡部内径（AI）、主动脉隔段内径（AO-Dia）、四腔图三尖瓣环内径（TV-D1）、右心室流入道图三尖瓣环内径（TV-D2）、右心室流出道内径（RVOT）、肺动脉瓣环内径（PVD）、主肺动脉内径（PA）的正常值，二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速（MV-E）、二尖瓣口左心房收缩峰值流速（MV-A）、三尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速（TV-E）、三尖瓣口右心房收缩峰值流速（TV-A）、主动脉瓣峰值流速（AV-max）、主动脉瓣血流速度时间积分（AV-VTI）、肺动脉瓣峰值流速（PV-max）、肺动脉瓣血流速度时间积分（PV-VTI）的正常值，二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期速度（MV-s′）、二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期速度（MV-e′）、二尖瓣环侧壁心房收缩期速度（MV-a′）、三尖瓣环侧壁收缩期速度（TV-s′）、三尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期速度（TV-e′）、三尖瓣环侧壁心房收缩期速度（TV-a′）、房室瓣环室间隔收缩速度（IVS-s′）、房室瓣环室间隔舒张早期速度（IVS-e′）、房室瓣环室间隔心房收缩速度（IVS-a′）的正常值，双平面法测量的左心房容积（LAV）、左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、每搏量（SV）、心输出量（CO）的正常值，实时三平面几何法测量的LVEDV、SV、CO的正常值，左心室心肌质量（LV mass）、左心室心肌质量指数[LV mass/BSA、LV mass/H2.7；体表面积（BSA）、身长（H）]的正常值，与体重均呈非线性正相关（P均＜0.01）。MV-E/A、PV-E/A、MV-e′/a′、TV-e′/a′、IVS-e′/a′、MV-E/IVS-e′、左心室心肌质量容积比（LV mass/LVEDV）、双平面法及实时三平面几何法左心室射血分数（LVEF）与体重均无相关性（P均＞0.05）。除RV、MV-D1、MV-D2、MV-D3、TV-D1、TV-E、MV-s′、IVS-a′、TV-s′、TV-e′外，非线性回归法（lnY=a+bX+cX2+dX3）获得的R2均大于线性回归法（Y=a+bX）。Z值均无随体重变化趋势，均呈正态分布。结论新生儿超声心动图正常参考值的趋势图反映了随体重变化的规律，采用非线性回归方程可用于计算预测平均值，所获得的Z值呈标准正态分布，对新生儿心脏疾病的诊治具有重要意义。