本科临床医学专业教育中不同教学方法的特点及合理应用

摘要

我国的本科临床医学教育可分为三个阶段:临床前阶段、临床见习阶段、临床实习阶段,每个阶段都有不同的特点和教学任务.临床医学教学过程中应用的教学方法主要有以授课为基础的教学(lecture-based learning,LBL)、以团队为基础的学习(team-based learning,TBL)、案例教学(case-based learning,CBL)和以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL).LBL是“以教师为中心”,注重知识的准确性、系统性、连贯性;TBL、CBL和PBL是“以学生为中心”,注重学生的主观能动性和学习积极性的培养.每种教学方法都有各自的优缺点,本研究根据本科医学教育三个阶段的不同特点,浅析不同医学教学方法在三阶段中的合理应用.临床前阶段,联合应用LBL和TBL;临床见习阶段,联合应用LBL、TBL和CBL教学方法;临床实习阶段,联合应用CBL和PBL.%Clinical education for undergraduates in China can be divided into three phases:preclinical phase,clinical clerkship phase,clinical practice phase,and each phase has its own features and different teaching tasks.Currently there are four teaching methods mostly applied in clinical education:lecture-based Learning (LBL),team-based learning (TBL),case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL).LBL is a teacher-centered.teaching method,which focuses on making knowledge accurate,systematic and comprehensive;TBL,CBL and PBL are student-centered teaching methods,which can improve students' enthusiasm and subject initiative.Each teaching method has advantages and dis-advantages.According to the different characteristics of three stages of medical education,this paper analyzes the reasonable application of different medical teaching methods in three stages of undergraduate medical education:in preclinical stage,combining LBL with TBL teaching methods;in clinical clerkship phase,combining the teaching methods of LBL,TBL and CBL;in clinical practice stage,combining CBL with PBL teaching methods.