供求不确定下零部件供应商横向协同研究

摘要

考虑了由2个供应商与1个制造商组成的按订单装配的供应链模型.在供应商的零部件供应不确定、制造商的客户需求不确定的环境下,从多供应商的视角来研究如何通过供应商之间形成零部件横向协同,向制造商齐套供应零部件,从而降低制造商的期望总库存成本.首先,建立了单周期和多周期的理论模型,并对形成协同前后的期望总库存成本进行了比较；然后,通过模拟仿真的方法,对模型进行验证和比较,并分析了不同的缺货成本对最优订单量、最优订至点和最小期望总库存成本的影响.结果表明,多供应商之间的零部件横向协同降低了制造商的期望总库存成本,提高了对客户需求的响应.%This paper considers a supply chain model comprised of two suppliers and one manufacturer in Assembly-To-Order environment.Under the uncertainty of component supply and customer demand,it investigates how to come into component horizontal synchronization between multi-suppliers from the perspectives of suppliers,and supply components in set to manufacturer,which could decrease the manufacturer's expected total inventory cost.Firstly,it presents the theory model in singleperiod and multi-period,and compares the expected total inventory cost before and after synchronization.Secondly,through the simulation method,it validates and compares the models,and analyzes the different shortage cost's impact on optimal order quantity,optimal order-up-to level and minimal expected total inventory cost.Finally,the result shows that component horizontal synchronization between multi-suppliers could decrease the manufacturer's expected total inventory cost and improve the response to customer's demand.