摘要：随着国民经济、社会的发展和城镇化进程的推进，城乡一体化成为社会发展中一个必然的过程，是人类文明和社会进步不可逾越的历史阶段。为测量西安市城乡一体化发展水平，文章在理论分析的基础上构建了一个评价指标体系，并使用层次分析法对西安市城乡一体化发展水平进行了实证分析。分析结果验证了经济基础是影响城乡一体化进程主要因素的一般判断。%The urban-rural integration is a necessary process of advancing the national economy, social development and urbanization, and is also the historical stage of human civilization and social progress insurmountable. For measuring the level of Xi’an urban-rural integrated development, this paper builds an evaluation index system on the basis of the theoretical analysis, and uses the analytic hierarchy method. The results verify the general judgment of the economic foundation as the main factor in the process of urbanization.
摘要：s: Having been active in China for over thirty years, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have still suffered from quite a few deficiencies of legal regulations due to the China government’s long-held distrust and defensive consciousness of them. For the great contribution that INGOs have made to the economic construction of China, the China government should convert its guiding ideology by perfecting its existing central-governmental and local-governmental laws of them and reinforcing its governance of them. On the other hand, the INGOs should improve their own quality by consummating and establishing their own guidelines, and gain the China government and the Chinese people’s trust through pursuing different kinds of opportunities of cooperation with the China government, whereas the indigenous Chinese non-governmental organizations should be encouraged to enhance their participation in international affairs abroad.% 国际非政府组织在华已经活动三十年有余，中国仍然在对其法律规制层面存在种种缺陷，这与中国根深蒂固的对其不信任态度及防范意识分不开的。鉴于其在中国经济建设中发挥出的出色积极作用，在没有满足颁布诸如《非政府组织法》等专门法规条件之前的过渡期之内，中国政府应该转变对其的指导思想及态度，通过完善现有中央层面及地方层面法规，加强对其法律规制。除此之外，在华的国际非政府组织应该通过完善与缔结自身行为准则等途径，提高自身素质，积极寻求与中国政府合作的机会，获取国家及人民的信任；同时，中国本土的非政府组织也应该勇敢的走出国门，提高国际事务的参与度。
摘要：“Marxism”is not a singular notion but a plural one, which refers to different summarizations of Marx’s philosophy. Interpreting Marx’s philosophy from different perspectives will result in different version of“Marxist theories”. Philosophers of the present time has already adopted an“returning to Marx”attitude instead of explaining Marxist theories without referring to the original works of Karl Marx. However, this new trend in philosophy research has not drawn adequate attention from scholar of the educational circle, which is evident in the repeated meaningless slogan: “With Marxism as our guidance…”. What is going to instruct our educational practice should be the singular notion “Philosophy of Karl Marx” instead of the plural notion“Marxism”.% “马克思主义”不是一个单数概念，而是一个复数概念。“马克思主义”是指对马克思哲学思想的高度概括，不同的角度去理解马克思哲学会产生不同的“马克思主义”。哲学界对马克思哲学的研究已经采取了“回到马克思”的态度，即通过对马克思文本的深度耕犁，还原出更加真实的马克思哲学，而非脱离马克思的文本去解释教科书中的马克思主义。然而，上述研究新动向还未引起教育学界的足够重视，这主要体现在口号式的“以马克思主义为指导”空洞论断。指导教育实践的应当是单数的“马克思哲学”，而非复数概念的“马克思主义”。
摘要：本文以消费者信任为基础，从网购消费者涉入、消费者个性特征关系上，深入探究影响网购消费者再惠顾意愿的驱动因素。实证研究结果显示：消费者对卖方的信任态度对其再惠顾意愿的影响最为显著，其次为消费者对产品与服务的涉入态度。这意味着卖方必须注重自身的信用累积，通过提供良好的产品与服务品质，并在安全性上塑造良好的购物环境，以促成消费者网上交易的意愿，增强消费者进行网络购物时的正向体验及涉入。%Based on the theory of consumer trust, and the relationship of consumer involvement and consumer characteristic, this paper delves into the driving factors of consumers ’patronage in online contexts. The empirical results show that the consumer’s trust in the seller has the most significant impact on consumers’ patronage intention, and that it is the involvement with online products and services .This means that the seller must pay attention to its own credit accumulation, by providing products and services with high quality, and creating a favorable shopping environment with high security, in order to contribute to the will of the consumer online transactions, and enhance consumer’s positive experience and involvement when shopping online.
摘要：针对中国股票市场特点将卖空限制因素引入动态 EKOP 模型，在此基础上构造直接测度日内市场%Considering the characteristic of the Chinese market, we introduce the factor of short-sale constraint into the dynamic EKOP model, and construct the time-varing PIN index to measure the level of market’s information asymmetry directly. Applying the MEM model and based on the high-frequency tick by tick transaction data of the SSE 180 financial index from 2010, we depict the dynamic of liquidity and the impact of information asymmetry, trading volume and volatility on liquidity from the perspectives of relative spread and market’s ask and bid depth. The results show that market’s liquidity exhibits the feature of intensive clustering, and that market’s liquidity is negatively correlated with the market’s information asymmetry and volatility, but in positive correlation to the trading volume.
摘要：各地大型工业企业、高新技术产业和高新技术开发区作为国民经济的重要基础，对国民经济的健康可持续发展起着举足轻重作用。对于各地大型工业企业、高新技术产业和高新技术开发区生产率的研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文在相关文献研究的基础上，运用 MALMQUIST 指数模型对1998-2009年各地大型工业企业、高新技术产业和高新技术开发区进行了技术效率、技术变化率、纯技术率、规模效率和全要素生产率的时间序列评价和综合评价；结果显示大中型工业企业、高新技术产业和高新技术开发区的技术效率、技术变化率、纯技术率、规模效率和全要素生产率平均值分别为1.011、0.842、1.011、1.000和0.852。%The regional large-sized industrial enterprises, high-tech industries and high-tech development zones are important basis for the national economy and play an important role for the healthy and sustainable development of the national economy. Researching on the productivity of the large-sized industrial enterprises, high-tech industries and high-tech development zone has an important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the previous research, the MALMQUIST index model was used to evaluate the comprehensive index and the time series of the effch, techch, pech, sech and tfpch for the large industrial enterprises, high-tech industries and high-tech development zones during 1998-2009. The results show that the average of the technical efficiency, technological change rate, rate of pure technical and scale efficiency and total factor productivity of the medium-sized industrial enterprises, high-tech industries and high-tech development zone are 0.852, 1.011, 0.842, 1.011, and 1.000 respectively.
摘要：Based on the evolutionary perspective, this paper focuses on the context of Chinese transitional economy, making a case study on two issues:Firstly, what role Government plays in“domestic enterprise-led cluster”? Secondly, what the evolutionary process among Government’s policy toward industrial clusters, leading firms’ behavior and industrial clusters’ innovative capability is? Based upon the case study of Quzhou fluorine silicon industrial cluster, our findings suggest that on the one hand, the rise and growth of the fluorine silicon domestic enterprise-led cluster in Quzhou is not dependent fully on the FDI, but on the dynamic interplay of several elements. On the other hand, there exists an evolutionary process among Government’s policy toward industrial clusters, leading firms’ behavior and innovative capability of industrial clusters. In addition, our findings respond to and enrich the theory of Government regulation.% 文章基于演化视角，聚焦于中国转型经济情境，选取浙江衢州氟硅产业集群作为案例，围绕两个问题进行研究：第一，政府在“依托国有企业形成的产业集群”中发挥何种作用？第二，集群创新政策、龙头企业行为、集群创新能力之间的演化过程是怎样的？研究结论为：1）衢州氟硅产业集群的形成与成长不是依赖于FDI，而是取决于一些因素的共同作用；2）集群创新政策、龙头企业行为、集群创新能力之间存在特定的演化过程。我们的研究结论对集群治理理论进行了响应，并丰富了该理论。
摘要：本文引入5W2H 分析方法，探究中国传统文化与当代大学生德育工作的融合点和切入点，涉及到为什么研究（Why）、研究主体是谁（Who）、研究什么（What）、何时研究（When）、何地研究（Where）、怎样研究（How）和研究得怎样（However）等七个问题，对同类问题的研究引入了新思路，提供了新方法。%The 5W2H analysis method is applied to explore the fusion point and the breakthrough point of traditional culture and the moral education of college students, which involves the study of why (Why), research subject (Who), what to research (What), how to study (How), when to study (When), where to study (Where), and how to research (However) those seven problems with new ideas and method provided for similar research.
摘要：The tradeoff between the risk and return is a central concept in finance. The finance theory generally predicts a positive risk–return relation, but empirically it shows negative relation. This paper studies the tradeoff between the default risk and expected return of China’s A-share non-financial listed companies, using the implied cost of capital as a measure of ex-ante expected returns. It introduces the methods——Naïve model, GLS, then studies the tradeoff with Fama-MachBeth regression, and finds a positive risk-return relation which is economically and statistically significant and also deepens after the 2008 financial crisis.% 风险与收益是金融的核心概念，理论预测二者是正相关关系，但一些检验表明，两者负相关。本文进一步对我国 A 股非金融类上市公司的预期收益与违约风险的关系进行考察：研究基于隐含资本成本方法和Naïve模型。论文首先介绍隐含资本成本的估计方法和违约风险的KMV模型的一个新拓展——Naïve模型，其次是运用这些方法估计，最后采用Fama-MachBeth回归检验两者关系，结果发现A股市场股票预期收益与违约风险之间负相关，并且这种负相关受到金融危机的影响进一步加大。
摘要：Based on the STIRPAT model, it is determined that the influencing factors of the carbon emission are population, per capita GDP and the level of technology. The VAR model is used to estimate the dynamic impact effect of China’s carbon emission influencing factors from 1978 to 2011. The results show that the stable dynamic relationship exists between the carbon dioxide emission, population, per capita GDP and technical level. Per capita GDP and the technical level of carbon dioxide emission always plays a positive impact effect. The population first has a negative impact effect, and then a positive impact effect. In the short term, the contribution of carbon emission and GDP per capita is greater, but in the long term, the population growth is the greatest factor.% 基于STIRPAT模型，确定二氧化碳排放的影响因素是人口数量、人均GDP和技术水平。本文采用VAR模型估计了中国1978-2011年间中国二氧化碳排放影响因素动态冲击效应。研究结果发现，二氧化碳排放和人口、人均GDP、技术水平之间存在稳定的动态影响关系。人均GDP、技术水平始终对二氧化碳排放起着正向冲击效应。人口因素先对二氧化碳排起着负向冲击效应，而后起着正向冲击效应。短期内自身和人均GDP的贡献率较大，长期来看，人口增长的贡献率最大。
摘要：As a kind of innovation intermediary agency, venture capital’s participation is vital for high-tech firms innovation through widening the search scope and reducing search cost. Based on the innovation search view, we pick out 149 high-tech firms of China and examine the relationship between venture capital’s participation and innovation performance. The results show that venture capital’s participation has a significantly positive relationship with the innovation performance. We also find that these positive relationships disappear when managers’ perceived industry growth is higher, when new ventures adopt agency businesses for foreign firms, and when the new ventures export.% 创业投资机构作为一种创新中介机构，能够扩大企业创新搜索空间并降低创新搜索成本，因而对于新兴经济国家高技术企业创新具有战略意义。本文基于创新搜索理论，选取中国高技术企业作为研究对象，利用149家高技术企业调研数据对创投持股与企业创新绩效之间的关系机制进行了探索。研究发现，创投持股对企业创新绩效具有显著正向影响；当企业管理者感知的产业增长较高时，为国外企业代理销售产品和服务时，以及企业向国外出口产品或服务时，创投持股对企业创新绩效的影响会降低。
摘要：结合我国各省级区域发展不平衡的现状，将中国分为东、中、西、东北四大区域，以人均碳排放原则作为国家分配给各省级区域碳排放配额的依据。运用最小二乘法和Eviews软件对人均收入和人均碳排放的关系进行分析，以期为各省级区域的碳排放配额分配提供参考。%Considering uneven development status of provincial areas of our country, China is theoretically divided into the East, Middle, West and Northeast regions. Carbon emission quotas are allocated to the provincial areas in accordance with the principle of per capita. The method of the least squares and Eviews software are used to analyze the relationship between per capita income and per capita carbon emissions to provide reference for the provincial areas of carbon emission quotas allocation.
摘要：在跨文化交流日趋频繁的今天，跨国经贸、跨国教育、跨国交流等与英语密切相关的涉外交往推动着大学英语教学走出传统的、单纯传授语言知识的教学模式，进入以文化理解和交流为基础的既注重语言准确性又注重语言交际性和实用性的新的发展阶段。本文以《新编大学英语》为例，阐述了语言教学与文化学习的关系、语言学习中文化导入的必要性及策略，通过词汇、习语和语篇三方面，介绍了大学英语教学过程中，文化导入的实践。%Due to the frequently presented intercultural communication in the fields of international trade, education and communication, college English teaching should have turned to the new stage of emphasizing both the accuracy of language and its phatic and practical functions based on the introduction to western cultures instead of adhering to the traditional teaching method which merely emphasizes language knowledge itself. This paper tries to reveal the relation between language teaching and culture study, the necessity and strategy of cultural introduction in college English teaching. The practice of cultural introduction includes three aspects:vocabulary, idioms and discourse analysis based on New College English.
摘要：构建了 WT-SVM-非参数方法农作物保险费率厘定模型，即首先采用小波分析法（WT）获得已知年份作物趋势单产；接着用支持向量机（SVM）对所得趋势单产进行拟合并预测，得到未来所保年份作物趋势单产；再接着运用非参数核密度法拟合作物损失概率分布；最后根据单产分布模型法计算作物保险费率。以山东省棉花保险为例验证模型的有效性，结果表明：WT-SVM-非参数方法能够有效提高农作物保险费率厘定精度；山东省目前收取的棉花保险费率稍低。%The paper establishes the crop insurance rate estimation model based on the WT-SVM-Nonparametric method. That is to say, firstly the crop trend yields of the known years is obtained by the wavelet analysis(WT);then the data is fitted and forecasted by the support vector machine(SVM) to receive the crop trend yield of the future insured year;furthermore, the loss probability distribution of the crop is fitted by the Nonprarametric kernel density; finally, according to the law of the yields distribution model, the crop insurance premium is calculated. Taking an example of Shandong province cotton insurance verifies the validity of the model. The results show that the WT-SVM-Nonparametric model can effectively improve the accuracy of crop insurance ratemaking;slightly lower cotton insurance rate is charged in Shandong Province.
摘要：本文利用非线性门限向量误差修正模型，分析中国1953年到2008年的能源消费与经济增长，并与向量误差模型进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：中国的能源消费与经济增长之间存在着门限效应；利用非线性模型的拟合结果优于线性模型的拟合结果；当误差项低于门限值时，存在长期的双向格兰杰因果关系，实证结果支持反馈假说理论，而当误差项高于门限值时，这种长期双向因果关系消失，二者之间不存在格兰杰因果关系，实证结果支持中性假说理论。因此，本文的重要政策启示是应该动态的看待能源消费与经济增长之间的关系。%This paper uses the newly developed nonlinear modeling techniques-the threshold vector error correction model-to analyze energy consumption and economic growth of China from 1953 to 2008, and makes a comparative study with the vector error model. The results show that China’s energy consumption and economic growth fit the nonlinear threshold mechanism; that the nonlinear model fits better than the linear model;that with the error correction term below the threshold value, there is a long-term bi-directional Granger causality, and the empirical results support the feedback hypothesis theory;that with the error correction term higher than the threshold value, this long-term bi-directional causality disappeared, and the two variables does not show any Granger causality with the empirical results supporting the neutral hypothesis theory. Therefore, an important policy implication from this paper is that there is a dynamic relationship between energy consumption and economic growth.
摘要：The two Restatements of contract in the US law have changed the illegal contract to the contract against public policy regarding to the contract without enforcement. But the categorization of the public policy is still worth discussing. From the illegal contract time to the time of contract against public policy, the experience and case study show that to include the illegal contract in the contract against public policy is a better way in the practice. This is also a good guide to the Chinese contract law legislation, which is helpful to solve the problem of defining mandatory provision, as well as to solve the dispute between applying the contract against laws rule with the contract against public interest rule.% 美国合同法两次重述中将否定合同强制执行效力的事由从“违法合同”转变为“违反公共政策的合同”，而具体的违反公共政策合同的类型始终是法学界的争论之一。对于违反公共政策的合同类型进行探析可以清楚得看出公共政策在司法实践中的内涵变化。从第一次合同法重述的违法合同论，到第二次合同法重述的公共政策说，经过实践的检验与分析，将违法合同涵盖于违反公共政策合同类型之中作为合同没有强制执行效力的缘由更为有效。这样的立法体系是避免我国合同无效制度中对强制性规定之含义的争议，以及解决适用违反法律与违反社会公共利益使合同无效时产生的问题的可行途径。
摘要：Chinese large manufacturing enterprises are faced with the problem of strategic transformation on the national innovation-driven development strategy. We study the fomation, evaluation, and development of the organizational learning capability in Chinese large maufacturing enterpises. We use the semi-structural interview method to build the process model and evaluation index system of organizational learning capability. According to the empirical tests, we not only analyze the system reliability, content validity and construct validity, but also modify the index system.We propose some suggestions from the perspective of sustainable development of organizational learning capability for the purpose to provide decision support for managers.% 在实施创新驱动发展战略的局势下，我国大型制造企业面临着战略转型问题。为顺利实现战略转型，有必要关注其组织学习能力。采用半结构化访谈的数据收集方法，明确了大型制造企业的组织学习能力形成过程，构建了能力评价指标体系。对该体系的信度、内容效度和建构效度进行了统计检验，并对指标的归属进行了调整。从持续改进能力的角度，提出了发展组织学习能力的相关建议，希望为大型制造企业的管理者调控组织学习提供决策支持。
摘要：Based on the theory of the Unit Root Test and Co-integration test, this paper conducts an empirical research on the long term relationship between urbanization and tertiary industry in Shaanxi province. The results show that the long term equilibrium relationship exists between the level of urbanization and the proportion of value added by the tertiary industry, and that 1999 is a turning point, before and after which the elastic coefficient between the two was reverse. From the Granger causality test results, the level of urbanization Granger causes the tertiary industry growth, and is a stable one-way causal relationship. Finally some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the tertiary industry and urbanization development in Shaanxi province% 利用单位根平稳性检验和协整检验的理论，对陕西省第三产业与城市化发展之间的长期关系进行实证分析。结果显示，两者之间存在长期均衡关系，但1999年为结构突变点，前后两阶段二者弹性系数相反。格兰杰检验表明，城市化是第三产业的Granger原因，并且是稳定的单向因果关系。最后，提出了未来陕西省第三产业与城市化发展的若干对策建议。
摘要：论文分析了零售商主导的供应链上下游企业间的研发与广告合作行为，并比较了零售商主导和制造商主导时供应链的广告、研发投资和总利润。博弈与模拟分析揭示：零售商主导供应链时，零售商在斯坦伯格博弈均衡时的利润高于纳什均衡时，制造商在哪种博弈均衡时取得的收益更大视参数具体值而定，纳什均衡时零售商不分担制造商的研发费用；零售商主导供应链时，制造商在集中决策时的研发投入最高，零售商在何种博弈均衡时最优广告投入最高与具体参数有关；在一定条件下，零售商主导的供应链总利润更高。不同情形下的斯坦伯格博弈、纳什博弈和集中决策分析表明，渠道主导力量同时影响着供应链成员和整体运营绩效。%This research contributes to behavior analyses of the cooperative R&D and advertisement investment between the upstream and downstream in a retailer dominated supply chain. The paper compares the investment (advertisement, R&D) and total profit of the supply chain lead by the retailer and manufacture respectively. Combined execution of equilibria comparison and simulation reveals the retailer’s profit with herself leading Stackelberg game greater than that in Nash game, the profit of the manufacturer as a follower varying with parameters and retailer’s not sharing manufacturing R&D input cost in Nash game. Moreover, the game follower manufacturer invests most in R&D in centralized decision among all game scenarios. By contrast, maximum of optimal advertisement investment under which game equilibrium is determined by parameters, so does that for supply chain optimal R&D and advertisement investments and total profit. The exploitation of various Stackelberg, Nash games and centralized decision-making demonstrates the impact of the channel dominance on chain-wide operational performance as well as on individuals’ with scenario based comparisons.
摘要：中国古代文学课作为汉语言专业留学生的必修课，不仅应传授人文知识，还应当加强语言教学。只有在语言能力提高的基础上才有可能让学生具备初步的鉴赏中国古典文学作品的能力。因此，在古代文学课上我们应当关注文化词汇的教学，注意与现代汉语意义有别的词语，同时加强对经典诗文名句的理解、运用和背诵。通过有意识地对学生语言技能的训练，不仅能提高他们的言语交际能力，让汉语表达更加地道、文雅，也能让学生在语言学习中进一步体会中国古典文学的魅力。%Ancient Chinese literature is a required course for the international students. We should not only teach cultural knowledge, but also strengthen the language teaching. Therefore, in the course of ancient literature, we should pay attention to cultural vocabulary, words having different meaning in modern Chinese, while strengthening understanding, using and reciting of the classical poetry. By teaching and training, we can improve their communicative competence, make their speaking more idiomatic and elegant, and also make the international students understand Chinese classical literature deeply.
摘要：The organizational ambidexterity has become the focus of management research nowadays. However, the extant literature lacked the deep combination with case study, and also ignored open innovation and external innovation resources. This paper, through the case study of Haier Group, sets up a novel organization structure of innovative enterprise from two aspects of contextual ambidexterity and structural ambidexterity based on ambidexterity theory, which is conducive to the practical management of Chinese enterprises.% 组织二元性的研究已经逐渐成为管理研究中关注的热点。然而，已有研究缺乏与实际案例的深度结合，也未能重视企业对外部创新资源的整合，忽视了创新型企业的开放性。通过对海尔集团的案例分析，从情境二元性和结构二元性两个方面搭建基于二元性视角的创新型企业组织架构，有利于中国企业的管理实践。
摘要：Healthcare service industry is an important industry to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and how to optimize and allocate the healthcare resources is always the focus of scholars. Operation management is applied in healthcare services industry in foreign countries has gone through a hundred years of history. Based on the summary of foreign relevant literatures, the paper first reviews the development evolution of operation management research in healthcare services industry and the research contents in every stage, and then points out some future research directions and research problems.% 医疗服务业是关系国计民生的重要行业，如何优化配置医疗资源一直是众多学者关注的焦点。国外将运营管理应用于医疗服务业的历史已有百年，本文对运营管理在国外医疗服务行业应用的相关文献进行梳理，回顾了运营管理在医疗服务行业的发展演变以及各个阶段的研究成果，并对未来的研究方向进行展望。
摘要：针对近年来GI农产品质量事故频发的问题，本文通过分析GI农产品产业链得出影响GI农产品质量的核心利益相关方为地方政府、加工企业和农户；从界定三者行为和关系入手，以博弈论为分析工具，对地方政府和加工企业、加工企业和农户以及地方政府和农户的两两博弈关系进行了研究；同时为进一步提高维护质量的协同性，构建了包含地方政府、加工企业和农户在内的多元动态博弈模型；并通过各类博弈模型提出了完善制度反馈机制、加强核心利益相关方沟通等政策建议。%In recent years, the quality accidents on the GI agricultural products are frequent. In view of this, this paper makes a conclusion that the core stakeholders on the quality of the GI agricultural products are local government, processing enterprises and farmers by analyzing the GI agricultural product industry chain. Starting from the definition of behaviors and relationships among the three sides, with the game theory as the analysis tool, the paper studies the game between the local government and processing enterprises, processing enterprises and farmers, local government and farmers. At the same time, in order to improve the coordination of maintenance quality further, it builds a multiple dynamic game model including local government, processing enterprises and farmers. By the models, the policy recommendations, such as improving the system of feedback mechanism and strengthening the communication among the core stakeholders, are presented.
摘要：The speech guidance is given only for a few excellent students in the engineering universities. This kind of teaching lacks the power of digging out the students’ study potentiality, stimulating their enthusiasm for taking part in the speech contests, and improving their study motivation. The introduction of the speech guidance into the oral class of the Japanese major in Xidian University shows that the students also demand to master the speech skills, but they always retreat when facing the contest mainly because they lack the confidence. Furthermore, the investigation shows that it is feasible as well as necessary to have speech guidance curriculum for Japanese majors in engineering universities.% 工科院校现行的日语演讲指导多是针对少数优秀学生采取“头痛医头，脚痛医脚”的策略，在挖掘学生演讲潜力、激发学生参赛热情以及提高学生学习动机方面存在不足。西安电子科技大学日语专业在口语课堂中引入演讲指导的尝试表明：工科院校的日语学习者也有掌握演讲技能的学习需求，但是，自信心的匮乏和现行演讲指导体制中“精英速成指导”的理念让绝大多数学习者在比赛面前止步。而且，该尝试效果的调查结果表明：在工科院校日语专业本科课程中开设演讲指导课程是可行的，同时也是必要的。
摘要：诊断相关组（DRG）通过规范医疗卫生资源的利用达到控制医疗费用过快增长的目的。在分析和总结了DRG对我国医疗服务成本管理的影响和我国医院推行DRG过程中的成本管理问题之后，提出了相关对策，进而分别研究了面向DRG的广义医疗服务成本管理体系的构建、病种成本估计和优化控制、隐性成本的识别与控制、医疗物资采购成本控制以及医疗安全成本控制策略，从而达到降低广义医疗服务成本、提高医院竞争力的目的。%The diagnosis related group payment achieves the purpose of controlling health care cost excessive growth by normalizing the use of health care resources. After analyzing and summarizing the influence of DRG on the medical service cost management and cost management problems in the process of implementing DRG in China, the corresponding countermeasures are given, including the strategies of the modeling of generalized medical service cost management system, disease cost estimation and optimization control, hidden cost recognition and optimization control, medical material purchasing cost control and medical safety cost control, and achieve the purpose of reducing medical service cost and improving hospital competitiveness.
摘要：建立了基于马尔可夫链的MEWMA控制图性能分析模型，并给出了基于matlab的MEWMA控制图性能计算程序。在此基础上分析了MEWMA控制图的两个主要参数（控制限参数L和平滑系数r）对MEWMA控制图性能的影响。分析发现，对不同变量个数的多变量过程，当固定控制限 L 时，存在偏移*δ。当过程偏移0δδ时，r越大控制图越能更快的检出过程偏移；当过程偏移*δδ>时，r越小控制图越能更快的检出过程*偏移。据此对不同应用环境下MEWMA控制图参数的选择给出了相应的建议。%A model of the performance analysis on MEWMA control chart based on the Markov chain is established, and a Matlab program is designed for performance analysis. The effect of the parameters L and r( L is the control limit and r is the smoothing coefficient) on the performance of the MEWMA control chart is analyzed. The analysis results show that when L is determined there exists a point of shiftδ . When shift of*the mean 0 δ δ< < , the performance of the MEWMA control chart improves with the increase in r. When*shift of the meanδ δ> , the performance of the MEWMA control chart improves with the reduction in r. The*advice on the parameter selection of the MEWMA control chart is presented based on these results.
摘要：The university students lack of information, resource and experience. The social capital, an effective carrier of the resources above, can make up the resource scarcity and capability limitation, and promote university students’ entrepreneurship. Based on the survey of four hundred and two questionnaires of six colleges, this paper sets up a multiple regression model to analyze the influence of social capital on entrepreneurial intention. The results show that:(1) from the aspect of social capital, college mates and friends’ support variable of social capital have significant effect on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. Although the variables of college support, family’s economic situation, local support have a positive effect on university students’ entrepreneurial intention, the influences are not significant. (2) from the human capital aspect, the educational background and acquiring management knowledge have significant influence on university students’ entrepreneurial intention. (3) from the aspect of individual character, the university students’ gender has significant effect on their entrepreneurial intention.% 信息、资源、经验的稀缺对大学生这个群体表现的尤为突出，社会资本作为获取上述资源的有效载体，可以弥补大学生创业的资源稀缺和能力的局限性问题，对认识和推动大学生创业具有重要影响。文章基于六所高校402位在校大学生问卷调查数据，实证研究了社会资本对大学生创业意愿的影响，发现：（1）社会资本方面，同学朋友的支持和家庭的创业氛围对大学生创业意愿具有显著的正向影响，学校对创业的支持、家庭经济状况、地方对创业的支持变量与大学生创业意愿虽有正向关系，但影响不显著；（2）大学生人力资本方面，学历和经管知识掌握情况对大学生创业意愿影响显著；（3）大学生个人特征方面，性别因素对大学生创业意愿具有显著影响。
摘要：Based on the long story The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne, this paper explores Hawthorne’s identity and rebellion to transcendentalism. The paper from the Self-help and the redemption views elaborates Hawthorne’s identity to transcendentalism. Deeply influenced by puritanism doctrine, Hawthorne displayed his rebellion to transcendentalism human nature view and expressed his rethink about scientific rationality. On the basis of this thought, Hawthorne proposed that through own awareness of original sin the human obtain the moral sublimation way to surmounting and one can take dispelling the evil with love as a redeem road to achieve a“good”,which finally complete moral redemption.% 本文以霍桑的长篇小说《红字》为视角，探讨霍桑的清教意识对超验主义的认同与反叛。文章从自助和救赎两方面阐述霍桑对超验主义思想的认同；对超验主义人性观的反叛，并对超验主义所推崇的科学理性进行了反思。作者提出只有不断的挖掘自身对原罪的认识、反省来使人获得道德升华的超越之途和通过爱来消解罪恶的救赎之路，才能达到“善”的根本途径，最终完成道德救赎。
摘要：This paper estimates the product quality of each industry based on the dynamic panel data of industrial enterprises in China from 2000-2007. Then from the angel of firm heterogeneity, we use the system-GMM to test the export effect of product quality from total and subsample dimensions. The results show that the improvements in quality have positive effects on the export, and that for the products of different qualities, their effects of quality upgrading on export are different. Thus, China should upgrade the quality of export product, and try to realize quality driving export growth.% 本文基于中国工业企业2000-2007年的动态面板数据，测度了各产业的产品质量数据，在此基础上，采用 GMM 估计方法，并将企业的异质性纳入模型，对中国产品质量的出口效应进行整体层面和分组层面的实证检验。研究结果显示：产品质量对中国企业产品的出口效应是显著存在的；对于不同的质量水平的产品，产品质量升级对出口的影响程度具有差异。因此，中国应进一步提高出口产品质量，使质量升级成为出口增长的主要推动力量，努力实现质量驱动型的出口增长。
摘要：The development of economic globalization makes the trade between countries become increasing frequent and they pull out all the stops to make full use of trade defense instruments to maximize the benefits in global trade. With the rising status of China in international trade, the trade frictions become more, deeper and increasingly extensive. It is a fundamental way to improve the trading environment by constructing sound business policy system, regulating the behavior of trading enterprises and raising the awareness of the IPR protection. This paper analyzes the business policy and the trading friction cases based on the China Statistical Yearbook and China Trade Remedy Information Network from 1997 to 2010 which are largely based on the logic of“two-way triangular framework”. It is concluded that the existing business policy system is lack of a bit reasonable number, type and subject. Therefore, it needs to construct public service platform to connect different legal systems and make the weak links perfect.% 经济全球化发展使各国之间的贸易往来日益频繁，同时各国使出浑身解数充分利用贸易保护手段，力图在全球贸易中获取最大利益。伴随着中国在国际贸易上地位的崛起，所遭遇的贸易摩擦问题数量越来越多、程度越来越深、范围越来越广泛。构建完善的商务政策体系，规范贸易企业的行为、提高知识产权保护意识，能从根源上改善我国的贸易环境。本文主要依循“双向三角框架法”的逻辑，对1997-2010年《中国统计年鉴》中公布的全部商务政策及依据中国贸易救济信息网公布的贸易摩擦案件，进行分析。认为我国现有的商务政策体系在数量、类型及主题分布上欠缺合理性，需进一步搭建公共服务平台、联通不同法律体系、完善商务政策体系的薄弱环节。
