肺部是神经内分泌肿瘤 (neuroendocrine tumor, NET) 的第二好发部位.肺类癌包括典型类癌和不典型类癌, 属于低级别神经内分泌肿瘤.这一类肿瘤由于发病率较低, 目前尚未得到广大医务工作者的重视.但有效的治疗不仅能提高患者的远期生存, 还能控制患者症状, 改善生活质量.本文分别阐述肺低级别神经内分泌肿瘤的流行病学和病理学特点、早期患者的治疗策略以及进展期患者的治疗策略.早期患者应当尽早进行手术治疗.进展期患者治疗方式包括化疗、SSAs、m TOR抑制剂、肽受体介导的放射性核素治疗、生物治疗以及靶向治疗.目前的研究结论大多来自其他部位的NETs研究外推而来, 仍需针对肺低级别神经内分泌肿瘤患者进行特异性临床试验加以证实.%The lung is the second most common site of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).Typical and atypical carcinoids are low-grade NETs of the lung.These rare tumors have received little attention and education is needed for treating physicians.The article describes the classifcation of lung NETs, the epidemiology and pathological characteristics.When lung NETs are diagnosed at an early stage, surgical intervention is often curative.For advanced lung NETs patients, different treatment methods including chemotherapy, somatostatin analogs, m-TOR inhibition, peptide receptor radioligand therapy, and biologic systemic therapy are discussed.The conclusions are generally extrapolated from the outcome of extra-pulmonary carcinoids.Prospective randomized well-designed trials are urgently needed to inform current recommendations on systemic treatment.
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