评价食用油洗胃后持续胃肠减压对口服磷化铝中毒患者的临床疗效

摘要

Objective To observe the curative effect of continuous gastrointestinal decompression after gastric lavage with edible oil on saving patients with oral aluminum phosphide poisoning.Methods Seventy-eight patients with oral aluminum phosphide admitted to the Department of Internal Emergency of the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from October 2009 to October 2016 were divided into a mild poisoning group (39 cases), a moderate poisoning group (26 cases) and a severe poisoning group (13 cases) according to clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations, all the patients were treated with continuous gastrointestinal decompression after early gastric lavage with edible oil, including scavenging toxicant, correcting intracellular oxygen intake and metabolic disturbance, and inhibiting and eliminating inflammatory mediators. The difference of remission times of clinical symptoms, recovery times of abnormal indexes and hospitalization times were compared among patients with different disease severities. Results With the aggravation of disease, the remission times of clinical symptoms (hours: from mild to severe were 24±12, 54±18, 84±12), recovery times of abnormal indexes (hours: from mild to severe were 18±6, 72±0, 108±12) and hospitalization times (hours: from mild to severe 48±24, 120±24, 144±24) were all gradually extended. Of the 13 patients with severe poisoning, 2 patients died of multiple organ functional failure (MOF) after 28 hours of treatment because they were incapable of cooperating with continuous gastrointestinal decompression. There were 76 patients were clinically cured, the cure rate being 97.4%. In the follow-ups at 1 month and 6 months after the treatment, no abnormalities were seen.Conclusion Continuous gastrointestinal decompression after early gastric lavage with edible oil for saving patients with oral aluminum phosphide poisoning is an effective therapy worthwhile to be popularized.%目的 观察食用油洗胃后持续胃肠减压对救治口服磷化铝中毒患者的临床疗效.方法 选择2009年10月至2016年10月云南省第二人民医院急诊内科收治的78例口服磷化铝中毒患者,依据临床表现、实验室等辅助检查分为:轻度中毒39例,中度中毒26例,重度中毒13例.均采用早期给予食用油洗胃后持续胃肠减压的方法治疗,包括:清除毒物、纠正细胞内氧摄入及代谢障碍、抑制和清除炎症介质.比较不同中毒程度患者临床症状缓解时间、异常指标恢复时间、住院时间等的差异.结果 随中毒程度的加重,患者临床症状缓解时间(h:24±12、54±18、84±12)、异常指标恢复时间(h:18±6、72±0、108±12)、住院时间逐渐延长(h:48±24、120±24、144±24).重度中毒的13例患者中,2例因不配合持续胃肠减压,治疗28 h死于多器官功能衰竭(MOF).76例存活患者临床治愈后1个月及6个月随访无异常,治愈率为97.4%.结论 口服磷化铝中毒早期给予食用油洗胃后持续胃肠减压是行之有效的方法.