ICU多重耐药菌目标性监测与干预效果分析

摘要

Objective To understand the status of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in intensive care units(ICUs),and evaluate the intervention efficacy of targeted monitoring.Methods Prospective study was adopted,patients who were admitted to ICUs in 2014-2015 were selected (January-December 2014 was as preintervention stage,January-December 2015 was as intervention stage),trend of MDRO infection before and after intervention were compared and analyzed.Results Before and after intervention,297 and 217 strains of MDROs were isolated respectively,except carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonasaeruginosa (CRPA),the isolated strains of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacterbaunannii (CRAB),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) declined after intervention.MDRO infection rate declined from 7.17 ％ before intervention to 3.88％ after intervention,infection rate of CRAB and CRE after intervention were both lower than before intervention (both P＜0.05);MDRO infection rates in general ICU and internal medicine ICU increased from 8.75％ and 7.84‰ before intervention to 4.39‰ and 2.28％ after intervention,respectively (both P＜0.05).After taking comprehensive intervention measures,compliance to prevention and control measures,such as ordering rate of doctor's advice on contact isolation for 24 hours,hand hygiene,health care workers' awareness all enhanced significantly(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Targeted monitoring and intervention measures can reduce isolation rate of MDROs in ICUs.%目的 了解重症监护病房(ICU)多重耐药菌(MDRO)的感染现状,评价目标性监测的干预效果.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2014-2015年入住ICU的患者,2014年1-12月为干预前阶段,2015年1-12月为干预阶段,对比分析干预前后MDRO感染趋势.结果 干预前检出MDRO 297株,干预后检出217株,除CRPA外,干预后耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)、耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)检出株数均较干预前减少.ICU MDRO感染率由干预前的7.17‰降至3.88‰,其中CRAB、CRE干预后感染率低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);综合、内科ICU MDRO感染率分别由于预前的8.75‰、7.84‰,降至干预后的4.39‰、2.28‰,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).采取干预措施后,接触隔离医嘱24 h下达率、手卫生依从率、医护人员知晓率等防控措施的依从性较干预前显著提高(均P＜0.05).结论 采取目标性监测和干预措施,可降低ICU MDRO检出率.