ObjectiveTo understand the clinical and microbiological characteristics of AIDS-associated bloodstream infection (BSI).MethodsThe clinical and laboratory ifndings of 143 cases of BSI in AIDS patients who were hospitalized during the period from 2013 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of BSI in AIDS patients was 22.1%. The 143 patients were divided into two groups in terms of fungal or bacterial infection. The incidence of speciifc skin rashes, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and lymph node enlargement in fungal infection group was higher than those in bacterial infection group (allP<0.05). CD4+ cell count, WBC, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, and platelet count in fungal infection group were lower than those in bacterial infection group, while AST and Cr were the opposite (allP<0.05).Penicillium marneffei(84/143, 58.7%) was the most common pathogen isolated from AIDS-associated BSI, followed byEscherichia coli (10/143, 7.0%),Cryptococcus neoformans (9/143, 6.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/143, 4.9%),Salmonella (6/143, 4.2%),Candida albicans(3/143, 2.1%), andAeromonas (3/143, 2.1%). Most strains were still susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics.ConclusionsThe prevalence of BSI is high in AIDS patients. Fungal BSI is more likely to have skin rash, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities, liver and renal function impairment. Fungi, especiallyPenicillium marneffei, are the main pathogen of AIDS-associated BSI. Most strains are susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics.%目的：了解获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）合并血流感染（BSI）的临床特点、病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析广西钦州市第一人民医院2013—2014年住院的143例AIDS合并BSI的临床和病原学资料。结果 AIDS患者BSI患病率为22.1%。真菌性BSI的特征性皮疹、贫血貌、肝脾肿大及淋巴结肿大发生率高于细菌性BSI（P均＜0.05）；真菌性BSI的CD4+细胞计数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板及血红蛋白下降较细菌性BSI更明显（P均＜0.05），而天冬氨酸转氨酶和肌酐升高较细菌性明显（P均＜0.05）。143株病原菌中，马尼菲青霉84株，占58.7%；大肠埃希菌10株，占7.0%；新生隐球菌9株，占6.3%；肺炎克雷伯菌7株，占4.9%；沙门菌属6株，占4.2%；白念珠菌和气单胞菌属各3株，各占2.1%。分离的菌株多对常用抗菌药物敏感。结论 AIDS患者BSI患病率较高；真菌性BSI更容易出现特征性皮疹、贫血貌、肝脾肿大及淋巴结肿大、血液系统异常及肝肾功能损害。病原菌构成以真菌为主，尤其是马尼菲青霉；多数菌株对常用抗菌药物敏感。
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