支气管扩张合并感染患者纤维支气管镜下支气管分泌物病原菌培养及耐药性分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria recovered from bronchial secretions by bronchofiberscope in bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection for improving antibacterial therapy. Methods A total of 97 bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection treated in Liyuan Hospital during the period from June 2013 to December 2015 were included in this analysis. The pathogens were recovered from bronchial secretions by bronchofiberscope and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc method. The data were analyzed with WHONET 5.5 software. Results Pathogenic organisms were isolated from 53 (54.6%) of the 97 patients, including 49 (92.4%) strains of gram negative bacilli, mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 (5.7%) strains of?gram?positive?cocci,?specifically?2?strains?of?S. aureus and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae, and 1 (1.9%) strain of Candida albicans. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most P. aeruginosa isolates (>71.8%) were susceptible to tobramycin, amikacin,cefepime, and aztreonam, but 100% resistant to levofloxacin. More A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to tobramycin and amikacin (both 85.7%), followed by imipenem (>42.9%). More than half (>50%) of the K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin.Conclusions Gram negative bacilli are dominant in the pathogenic organisms recovered from bronchial secretions in bronchiectasis patients complicated with infection. Most of the pathogens are relatively susceptible to tobramycin and amikacin, but resistant to ciprofloxacin?and?levofloxacin.%目的 探讨支气管扩张合并感染患者纤维支气管镜下支气管分泌物培养病原菌分布及耐药情况,为合理选择抗菌药物治疗提供参考.方法 选取2013年6月-2015年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院呼吸内科住院的支气管扩张合并感染患者97例,收集纤维支气管镜下支气管分泌物标本进行病原菌培养及药敏试验.结果 97例患者支气管分泌物分离病原菌53株(54.6%),其中革兰阴性杆菌49株(占92.4%),以铜绿假单胞菌为主,其次为鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌;革兰阳性菌3株(占5.7%),为金黄色葡萄球菌2株和肺炎链球菌1株;真菌1株(1.9%),为白念珠菌.药敏试验结果显示,铜绿假单胞菌对妥布霉素、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、氨曲南敏感率较高(均>70%),对左氧氟沙星耐药率最高(为100%);鲍曼不动杆菌对妥布霉素、阿米卡星敏感率较高(均为85.7%),其次对亚胺培南(42.9%);肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星耐药率较高(均>50%).结论 支气管扩张合并感染患者纤维支气管镜下分泌物培养病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,其药敏试验结果显示对妥布霉素、阿米卡星敏感率较高,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星耐药率较高.研究对治疗支气管扩张合并感染患者具有重要指导意义.