基于同步辐射的X射线成像技术在静高压研究中的应用

摘要

随着同步辐射技术的发展，稳定、高强度、能量可调、具有优良相干性的 X 射线源成为现实，使得 X 射线成像技术在诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。成像方法也从传统的简单投影成像，发展出相衬成像、显微成像、相干衍射成像等多种实验技术。X 射线衍射技术用于测量具有长程周期性的材料在微观尺度的结构信息；与之相比，X 射线成像技术的可视化强，测量直接，可实现各种材料（晶体、非晶体、液体等）从微观、介观到宏观尺度的测量。近年来，X 射线成像技术在静高压领域中有了长足的发展，如非晶态材料的物态方程测量、高压加载下的声速测量、熔融铁在地幔岩石中的输运过程研究、晶体材料中的应变分布以及材料相变的演化过程研究等。本文较系统地总结了 X 射线成像技术在静高压研究领域的应用，以期对今后的研究有所帮助。%With the development of radiography technologies,the synchrotron radiation facilities can emit highly coherent and energy-tunable X-rays with a large flux,making X-ray imaging techniques widely applicable in various fields.The X-ray imaging techniques have evolved from simple radio-graphy to phase-contrast imaging,microscopy,and coherent diffraction imaging,and X-ray diffraction techniques provide structural information for crystal materials with long-range periodicity.In contrast, however,the X-ray imaging techniques are highly visible,and provide direct measurements for all kinds of materials (alloy,amorphous,liquid)from micro-,meso-,to macro-scales.In recent years,the X-ray imaging techniques have been applied in high pressure researches.For example,the equation of state of amorphous materials,the ultrasonic velocities under high pressure,the molten iron transport properties in the Earth's mantle,the strain distribution in the crystalline,and the structural evolution of the phase transformation,can be extracted by X-ray imaging techniques.In this paper,we sum up the studies of the high static pressure research using X-ray imaging techniques,which we expect will facilitate future studies in this area.