核苷类似物预防乙型肝炎病毒再激活的临床分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the incidence of HBV reactivation and its clinical characteris-tics in the non-active HBsAg carriers receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressant treatment, and to evalu-ate the role of nucleos(t)ide analogues against HBV reactivation. Methods Non-active HBsAg carriers suffering from cancer, autoimmune diseases recieving immunosuppression therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. The in-patients from June 2002 to April 2007 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were assigned in the control group. The outpatients or in-patients with the similar disease condition from April 2007 to July 2008 were enrolled in the preventive group. The character-istics of HBV replication, liver damage, clinical symptoms and effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues as prophylaxis for HBV reactivation were observed. The nucleos(t)ide analogues were used before chemotheraphy or immunosuppressive agents. The characheristics and clinical manifestations about HBV reactivation were investigated. Results Of the 32 patients in preventive group, the amount of HBV DNA was detected in the I rst, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment. After chemotherapy or immunosuppres-sant treatment, only 9.4% (3/32) of them suffered from HBV reactivation, as indicated by positive HBV DNA in the serum and abnormal liver function. Ot the 77 patients in control group without nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment before chemotherapy or immunosuppression therapy, 58.4% (45/77) shown HBV reactivation, 4 patients in the control group died of liver failure, and one liver failure patient recieved liver transplantation. Conclusion HBV can be activated in immunosuppressed patients, nucleos(t)ide analogues should be used in early phase to prevent HBV reactivation.%目的 探讨非活动性HBsAg携带者,因肿瘤或其他疾病,在接受化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗后,HBV再激活的发生情况和其临床特点以及用核甙类似物预防和治疗后疾病发生及发展的规律,为临床防治该类疾病提供依据. 方法选择患有肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病需进行细胞毒性药物化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗的非活动性HBsAg携带者为研究对象.对照组为2002年6月-2007年4月在我院符科室住院的患者,观察患者在免疫状态改变下病毒活跃复制、肝功能损害的临床特点和应用核甙类似物治疗后的效果及其最终临床转归.预防组为2007年4月-2008年7月在我院门诊或住院部治疗的患者,在基础疾病治疗前应用核苷类似物治疗,观察HBV再激活的情况和I临床表现.统计学分析采用两种属性独立性的χ2检验和相对危险度估计. 结果预防组患者共32例,在服用核苷类似物治疗后的第1、3、6、12个月定量检测HBV DNA,只有9.4%(3/32)患者出现了HBV冉激活,表现为HBV DNA阳转,肝功能异常.对照组患者共77例,化学治疗或使用免疫抑制剂前未使用核苷类似物,其中58.4%(45/77)的患者出现HBV再激活,χ2=22.083,P<0.01.对照组中有5例患者发展为重型肝炎,其中4例患者死亡,1例行活体肝移植.结论 非活动性HBsAg携带者接受化学治疗或免疫抑制剂治疗后HBV冉激活的发生率高,应早期使用拉米夫定等核苷类似物预防性抗病毒治疗,减少HBV再激活的概率,从而改善临床预后.