目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除术的应用指征、技术要点和疗效.方法回顾分析本研究所463例腹腔镜肝切除术患者的临床资料和随访结果.结果2007年3月1日至2011年3月31日共完成各类腹腔镜肝切除手术463例.其中原发性肝癌165例,转移性肝癌29例,肝血管瘤143例,肝胆管结石病81例,其他肝脏良性占位病变(肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤、肝细胞腺瘤、局灶性结节增生、慢性肝脓肿等)45例.手术方式包括腹腔镜下左肝外叶切除术93例,左半肝切除71例,超左半肝切除4例,右半肝切除29例,右肝后叶切除24例,Ⅵ段切除56例,超右半肝切除2例,中肝切除8例,特殊部位肝段切除(Ⅶ/Ⅷ段、Ⅳa、尾叶及Ⅵ段、Ⅶ段交界处)41例,病变局部不规则性切除121例,两个以上部位联合切除14例.手术时间(244.71±105.07)min,术中出血量(460.26±425.81)ml,无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率9.29%,平均住院时间(15.51±4.36)d.194例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者中185例获得2～50个月随访,术后1年、3年总体生存率为90.8%和84.2%,无瘤生存率为87.9%和73.7%.结论腹腔镜肝切除术作为一种微创治疗手段,可选择性应用于肝脏各个部位、各类病变的手术治疗.该法且具有创伤小、恢复快、切口美容的优点.其近期疗效优于开腹手术,远期疗效与开腹手术相当.肝脏良性病变、小肝癌和转移性肝癌是现阶段腹腔镜肝切除术较理想的适应证.%Objective To investigate the indications, techniques and results of laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data and follow-up results of 463 patients who received laparoscopic hepatectomy at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Results From March 1, 2007 to March 31, 2011, 463 cases of laparoscopic hepatectomy were successfully carried out. Of the 463 patients,165 were with primary liver cancer, 29 with metastatic liver cancer, 143 with hepatic hemangioma, 81with hepatolithiasis and 45 with other benign liver diseases (including hepatic angiomyolipoma, hepatocellular adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia and chronic liver abscess). The surgical approaches included laparoscopic left lateral lobectomy (93 cases), left hepatectomy (71 cases), extended left hepatectomy (4 cases), right hepatectomy (29 cases), right posterior lobectomy (24 cases), hepatectomy of segment Ⅵ (56 cases), extended right hepatectomy (2 cases), central hepatectomy (8 cases) and hepatectomy of segments Ⅶ/Ⅷ, Ⅳa, caudate lobe and the junction of segment Ⅵ and Ⅶ (41 case).Nonanntomic and wedge resection were performed on 121 patients, and combined resection on 14 patients. The mean operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were (244.71 ± 105. 07) minutes, (460. 26±425.81) ml, (15.51 ±4.36) days and 9.29%, respectively. And no operative death occurred. In the 194 cases with malignant liver lesions,185 cases were followed up for 2 to 50 months. The 1 year and 3 year overall and disease free survival rate were 90. 8% and 87.9% , 84.2% and 73. 7% respectively. Conclusions As a means of minimally invasive surgical approach, laparoscopic hepatectomy can be selectively adopted for the treatment of all kinds of liver diseases which located at different parts of the liver, with the advantages of smaller trauma, quick recovery and cosmetic benefits. The short-term results of laparoscopic hepatectomy is superior to and its long-term results is equal to that of open surgery. Benign liver diseases, small hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer are the good indications for laparoscopic hepatectomy.
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