西藏自治区山南地区居民健康素养状况及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解西藏自治区山南地区居民健康素养整体状况,分析其健康素养的主要影响因素,为有针对性地开展健康素养干预提供决策支持.方法 采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对西藏山南地区2个调查点的15～69岁城乡常住居民进行入户一对一调查.采用一般性统计指标进行描述性分析,多重线性回归方法探讨影响因素.结果 山南地区居民5类健康问题素养得分分别为科学健康观(1.44±0.92)分、传染病预防素养(5.62±1.87)分、慢性病预防素养(2.55±1.08)分、安全与急救素养(4.83±1.26)分、基本医疗素养(3.73±1.20)分.多重线性回归结果显示,R2 =0.377,且拟合的方程有统计学意义(F=59.381,P＜0.01).最终纳入方程的变量为民族、城乡、婚姻、文化程度和职业.结论 影响山南地区居民健康素养的因素主要为民族、城乡、婚姻、文化程度、职业(失业下岗离退休人员、服务业生产业人员).健康素养干预工作应当加大力度,并将农村地区中无配偶、低文化水平、职业不稳定藏族群体和城乡的老年人、服务业生产业人员作为重点干预对象.%Objective To understand overall level of health literacy status of residents in Shannan Area of Tibet Autonomous Region, analyze main influencing factors associated with health literacy, and provide targeted support for health literacy intervention among local residents. Methods Urban and rural residents aged 15-69 years old were investigated by a face-to-face survey and recruited by a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Descriptive analysis was performed using general statistical indicators, and multiple linear regression method was used for analyzing influencing factors. Results The average scores of five categories of health literacy in residents were (1. 44 ±0. 92) of scientific view of health, (5. 62 ±1.87) of infectious diseases prevention, (2. 55 ±1.08) of chronic disease prevention, (4. 83 ± 1.26) of safety and first aid, and (3. 73 ± 1. 20) of basic medical health, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that R =0. 377 , and the fitting equation was statistically significant ( F = 59. 381, P < 0. 01). The final variables included in the equation were nationality, urban or rural areas, marital status, education level, and occupation. Conclusion Factors that are associated with health literacy are nationality, urban or rural areas, marital status, education level, occupation. Health literacy interventions focus on publicity and education should be strengthened, and appropriated measures should be made according to local conditions. The prior intervention objects should be considered amongTibetan residents, such as rural single, low education level, without stable job, the elderly, or server and industry personnel.