北京市农村居民健康教育需求及影响因素调查分析

摘要

目的 了解北京市农村居民的健康教育需求及其可能的影响因素,为合理有效地开展健康教育工作提供依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,对北京市10个远郊区县年龄≥13岁的农村常住居民进行问卷调查,共调查5310人.结果 北京市农村居民对常见慢性病各危险因素的认知正确率均在50％以上,对常见传染病各项预防措施的认知正确率在80％以上,认知水平与地形、年龄、性别、文化程度有关.农村居民希望获取的健康知识,前3位依次是合理饮食(77.1％)、预防慢性病(67.8％)和预防传染病(64.0％)；获取健康知识的途径前3位的是电视(71.7％)、健康大课堂(44.2％)和广播(34.2％)；而希望获取健康知识的途径前3位的依次是电视(63.0％)、健康大课堂(55.4％)和医生咨询(40.0％)；地形、年龄、性别和文化程度不同程度地影响着农村居民对健康教育内容和途径的选择.结论 农村居民对传染病的认知情况好于慢性病；农村居民的健康知识知晓情况、对健康教育内容和途径的选择,均与地形、年龄、性别和文化程度密切相关,应因地制宜地开展有针对性的农村健康教育工作.%Objective To identify the current status of health education needs among Beijing rural residents and its possible influencing factors, and provide evidence for health education implement Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select participants aged over 13 years old and living in Beijing rural area. 5310 residents were enrolled and finished the questionnaire about information on their health education needs and the possible influencing factors. Results The awareness rates of respondents about the risk factors of non-communicable disease were all above 50% , and the proportion of correct answer on the prevention measures of common infectious diseases were all above 80%. Living area, age, gender and education level were shown to influence the participants' cognition. The expected health-related knowledge of participants were reasonable diet (77.1% ) , prevention of chronic diseases (67. 8% ) and infectious diseases (64.0%). The top three ways of obtaining health-related knowledge were through TV (71. 7% ) , health lecture (44. 2% ) and broadcast (34.2% ) , and the top three expected ways were TV (63.0% ) , health lecture (55.4%) and doctor consulting (40.0% ). Area, age, gender and education level were found to have influence on the ways and contents of health education. Conclusion Rural residents know more about infectious diseases than chronic diseases. Their health-related knowledge and selection of health education contents and ways are significantly related to the living area, age, gender and education level, and therefore health education should be carried out according to their demographic characteristics and needs.