我国60～69岁老年人健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

摘要

Objective To know of the status and its influencing factors of health literacy of Chinese residents aged 60 -69 years.Methods Using stratified multi-stage and PPS sampling method,the permanent resident population aged 15 -69 years old,from 336 monitor districts of 31 provinces,were investigated with questionnaire about health information literacy.This study chose aged 60 -69 years old questionnaires.Results In 2012 Chinese residents health literacy monito-ring,15 039 permanent resident population aged 60 -69 years old were investigated.The results of monitoring showed that the level of health literacy of Chinese residents aged 60 -69 years was 6.1%.The health literacy of older adults was 8.7% in urban area,4.7% in rural area,6.7% in eastern area,6.5% in central area and 4.7% in western area.The health litera-cy of male older adults was 6.3%,female 5.9%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed gender,educational sta-tus,occupation,and district were the influence factors associated with the level of health literacy among older adults.The female had higher health literacy than the male (OR =1.196,95% CI:1.039 -1.376);the higher education degree, the higher health literacy,college and above had higher health literacy,OR value was 7.095 (95% CI:5.025 -10.018);civil servants/institutions staff had higher health literacy (OR =1.730,95%CI:1.330 -2.251);older adults in western area had lower health literacy (OR =0.779,95%CI:0.649 -0.934).Conclusion The level of health liter-acy of Chinese residents aged 60 -69 years was lower.Health education activities for the older adults need to be carried out according to the educational status,district area and occupation level.%目的：了解我国60～69岁老年人健康素养现状及其影响因素，为制定适宜于老年人的健康促进政策提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段与人口规模成比例抽样（PPS 抽样）方法，对我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）336个监测点非集体居住的15～69岁常住人口进行问卷调查，本研究选取60～69岁年龄段数据分析。结果2012年健康素养监测调查有效问卷中，60～69岁年龄段共15039份。2012年我国60～69岁老年人健康素养水平为6．1％。城市老年人为8．7％，农村为4．7％；东部地区老年人为6．7％，中部为6．5％，西部为4．7％；男性为6．3％，女性为5．9％。多因素 Logistics 回归分析结果显示，性别、文化程度、职业、地区为影响60～69岁老年人健康素养水平的重要因素。女性高于男性（OR ＝1．196，95％CI：1．039～1．376）；文化程度越高，健康素养水平越高，大专以上文化程度 OR 值为7．095（95％CI：5．025～10．018）；公务员／事业单位人员健康素养较高（OR ＝1．730，95％CI：1．330～2．251）；西部老年人健康素养水平较低（OR ＝0．779，95％CI：0．649～0．934）。结论我国60～69岁老年人健康素养水平、健康生活方式与行为、慢性病防治素养水平较低，不同地区、不同文化程度健康素养水平差别较大，老年人文化水平相对较低，应根据不同地区的文化特点和水平，有针对性的开展适宜于老年人群的健康教育活动。