2012年河北省城乡居民健康素养监测分析

摘要

目的：掌握河北省城乡居民健康素养水平，为医疗卫生和健康教育与健康促进工作提供决策依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群及 PPS 抽样方法，抽取全省13个监测点非集体居住的15～69岁常住人口进行问卷调查，对3217份有效问卷进行分析。结果经过加权调整后，2012年河北省城乡居民健康素养总体水平为9．5％，城乡和性别间无明显差异；35岁以上，素养水平随年龄增长而下降；文化程度越高，健康素养水平越高。3个方面健康素养水平分别为：基本知识和理念14．63％、生活方式与行为11．94％，基本健康技能8．94％。基本知识和理念、基本技能素养水平城市高于农村（P ＜0．05）；素养水平最低的人群为65～69岁组和不识字／少识字组。具备6类健康问题素养的比例由高到低依次为：安全与急救38．34％、科学健康观29．12％、健康信息获取17．35％、传染病防治12．11％、慢性病防治10．75％、基本医疗9．15％，除基本医疗、慢性病防治，其他4类健康问题素养城市高于农村（P ＜0．05），其在不同特征人群中所呈现的特点与总体素养和3个方面健康素养水平基本一致。结论河北省城乡居民健康素养水平处于较低水平，尤其是基本健康技能和基本医疗素养水平低。%Objective To grasp the health literacy level of urban and rural residents in Hebei Province,and providea basis for decision-making for healthcare,health education and health promotion.Methods Stratified multistage cluster and PPS sampling methods were adopted in the surveillance,non collective residents aged 15 -69 years from 13 mo-nitoring points were investigated,and on the recovery of 3217 effective questionnaires were analysed.Results The overall level of adjusted health literacy (AHL)among urban and rural residents of Hebei Province in 2012 was 9.5%,there is no significant difference between urban and rural areas and gender;above 35 years old,literacy level decreases with age in-creasing;the higher culture degree,the higher the level of health literacy.Health literacy level of three aspects are:basic knowledge and concepts 14.63%,life style and behavior 11.94%,and basic health skills 8.94%,respectively,the level of basic knowledge and concepts,and basic skills of literacy,urban is higher than rural areas (P <0.05);the crowd liter-acy level is the lowest to 69 year old age group and illiterate /literacy little group.The health literacy rate of six health issues as safety and first aid,scientific view of health,health information,prevention of communicable diseases,prevention of chronic diseases,and basic medical care are 38.34%,29.12%,17.35%,12.11%,10.75%,and 9.15%,in addi-tion to basic medical care and prevention of chronic diseases,the other four health problems of literacy,urban is higher than rural areas (P <0.05),whose characteristics appears in different social demographic characteristics of the crowd and gener-al literacy and three aspects of health literacy level are of the basic agreement.Conclusion The level of health literacy of ur-ban and rural residents in Hebei Province is at a low level,especially in basic health skills and basic medical care literacy.