沿洪泽湖地区地方病健康教育效果评价

摘要

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on primary school pupils and housewives along Hongze Lake.Methods In 2014,an investigation was conducted on target population in areas along Hongze Lake by sim-ple random sampling.In 6 counties with iodine deficiency disorders,3 townships from each county were extracted and 30 -50 students of grade 5 -6 and 15 housewives around the schools in every selected township were extracted.For 5 counties with drinking water type endemic fluorosis and 3 counties with drinking water type high arsenic,1 township from each county were extracted and 50 students of grade 5 -6 and 40 housewives around the schools in every selected township were extrac-ted.The health education such as distributing health education materials,broadcasting knowledge on endemic disease pre-vention and control,putting up slogan and picture posters,setting up special bulletin boards were carried out.In primary schools,students in grade 5 to 6 were given a class about knowledge on prevention and treatment of endemic disease and were requested to write a composition about it.For housewives,the special trainings were carried out.Before and after the health educational activities,the same questionnaire surveys on knowledge of endemic diseases were conducted.Results A total of 1145 primary school students and 590 housewives were investigated before and after the health education.After health education,the awareness rates (the correct answer rate)in primary school students on iodine deficiency disorders,fluoro-sis,arsenic poisoning,were increased from 81.7%,74.7%,68.4% to 97.3%,90.5%,91.3%,and in housewives increased from 74.3%,66.7%,64.7% to 94.3%,93.0%,92.5%,respectively.There were significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The level of knowledge of endemic diseases prevention and control was increased significantly after the health educational activities.%目的：评价沿洪泽湖地区小学生及家庭主妇地方病健康教育干预效果。方法于2014年4月选择沿洪泽湖6县（区），采取单纯抽样的方法，6个碘缺乏病病区（县）每县（区）抽取3个乡，每乡各抽取中心小学5～6年级学生30～50名，同时抽取学校附近家庭主妇15名；5个氟中毒病区（县）及3个高砷县则每县（区）各抽取1个病区乡，每乡抽取中心小学5～6年级学生50名，同时抽取学校附近家庭主妇40名作为研究对象。地方病健康教育内容包括发放健康教育材料，播放地方病防治知识，张贴标语、宣传画，开设健康教育栏等。抽样乡学校5～6年级上一节地方病防治知识课，学生写一篇相关作文；家庭主妇开展专题培训。干预前后对抽样对象用同样的问卷调查，对比干预前后地方病知识知晓率。结果健康教育干预前后共调查小学5～6年级学生1145人，家庭主妇590人，小学生碘缺乏病、氟中毒、砷中毒防治知识知晓率从干预前的81．7％、74．7％、68．4％上升到干预后的97．3％、90．5％、91．3％，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。家庭主妇碘缺乏病、氟中毒、砷中毒防治知识知晓率从干预前的74．3％、66．7％、64．7％上升到干预后的94．3％、93．0％、92．5％，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论健康教育有效提高了学生和家庭主妇对地方病防治知识的认知水平。