新型毒品与传统毒品吸食人员回归社会影响因素对比分析

摘要

目的 比较新型毒品与传统毒品吸食人员回归社会影响因素,为采取有针对性干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用自拟的《毒品吸食人员回归社会自评问卷》,调查分析吸毒人员的复吸原因、社会融合和社会排斥因素的自评结果.结果 新型毒品吸食者复吸原因自评指标中得分为生理症状(3.59 ±1.21)、心理症状(3.79±1.23)、就业歧视(3.33 ±1.45)、亲友排斥(3.91±1.29)、社区偏见(3.14±1.44)、空虚无聊(2.92±1.34),均高于传统毒品吸食者复吸原因自评指标,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);新型毒品吸食者社会融合自评指标中得分家庭接纳(2.79±1.20)、社区接纳(3.10±1.11)、就业机会(3.14±1.19)、公安接纳(3.19±1.31)、朋友密切(2.77±1.07)、邻里友好(2.84±1.01)、社区服务(3.42 ±1.30)、禁毒政策(3.25±1.26)、工作人员接纳(2.88±1.05),与传统毒品自评指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);新型毒品吸食者社会排斥自评指标中得分为求职排斥(2.86±1.34)、岗位丧失(3.10±1.35)、不公待遇(3.14±1.38)、经济困难(3.08±1.31)、不安全感(3.10±1.50),均高于传统毒品自评指标,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 影响吸毒人员复吸的因素主要有就业歧视、社区偏见、空虚无聊、毒友诱惑,以及家庭接纳、朋友密切、邻里友好、工作人员接纳、岗位丧失、不公平待遇、经济困难、不安全感等因素;新型毒品较传统毒品吸食人员年龄特征、吸毒年限、成瘾机制等差异,其毒品复吸、社会融合、社会排斥等回归社会影响因素存在自身特点.%Objective To compare the influencing factors of society rehabilitation between new drug and traditional drug users,and provide scientific basis for taking targeted interventions.Methods With a self-designed "Society rehabilitation of drug user self-rating questionnaire",self-assessment results were analyzed for relapses reasons,social integration and social exclusion factors among drug addicts.Results Among new drug addicts,the scores of physiological symptoms (3.59 ± 1.21),psychological symptoms (3.79 ± 1.23),employment discrimination (3.33 ± 1.45),relatives and friends (3.91 ± 1.29),community bias (3.14 ± 1.44) and empty boring (2.92 ± 1.34) were higher than those of traditional drug addicts (P ＜ 0.05).Among new drug addicts,the social self-evaluation index scores in family acceptance was (2.79 ± 1.20),community acceptance (3.10 ± 1.11),employment opportunities (3.14 ± 1.19),public security acceptance (3.19 ± 1.31),close friends (2.77 ± 1.07),neighborhood friendship (2.84 ± 1.01),community service (3.42 ± 1.30),anti-drug policy (3.25 ± 1.26),staff acceptance (2.88 ± 1.05),the differences were statistically significant compared with traditional drug addicts (P ＜ 0.05).The scores of new drug addicts' self-evaluation index were jobseeking (2.86 ± 1.34),job loss (3.10 ± 1.35),injustice (3.14 ± 1.38),economic difficulties (3.08 ± 1.31),insecurity (3.10 ± 1.50),the differences were statistically significant higher than that of traditional drug addicts (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Influence factors of drug addicts relapse included community employment discrimination,prejudice,empty boring,poison friends and family and friends to accept the temptation,close,friendly neighborhood,the staff acceptance,job loss,unfair treatment,economic difficulties,insecurity and other factors;new drug users had their own age characteristics,drug abuse differences in age,addiction mechanism,factors of drug relapse,social integration,social exclusion and social influence.