Early esophageal cancer is derived from mucosa and submucosa without lymph node metastasis. They are detected generally during endoscopy or physical examination without clinical symptoms. Main treatment of early esophageal cancer is endoscopic resection,and the 5-year survival rate is over 90% . Once symptoms occur,local lymph node metastasis is often present and the prognosis is poor with a markedly reduced 5-year survival rate. Thus it is vital to diagnose and treat esophageal cancer at an early stage. With the development of endoscopic techniques,especially the proficiency of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS),the detection rate of early esophageal cancer has been increased greatly. EUS also plays an important role in the staging of early esophageal cancer. This article reviewed the application of EUS in diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal cancer.%早期食管癌是指来源于黏膜层和黏膜下层无淋巴结转移的食管癌，一般无明显临床症状，多在内镜检查或体检时发现。早期食管癌以内镜下治疗为主，术后5年生存率可达90%以上。一旦患者出现症状，则多伴局部淋巴结转移，治疗效果欠佳，5年生存率显著降低。因此，食管癌的早期诊断、早期治疗对于提高患者生存率至关重要。随着内镜技术的发展，尤其是内镜超声（EUS）的日益成熟，使早期食管癌的检出率大幅提高。此外，EUS 亦在早期食管癌术前分期中扮演重要角色。本文就 EUS 在早期食管癌诊断和治疗中的应用作一综述。
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