炎症性肠病的临床、内镜和病理特征分析

摘要

背景:炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及胃肠道的慢性炎性疾病,其诊断需结合临床表现、内镜和组织病理学结果.目的:探讨IBD的临床特征、内镜表现和病理特征.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2017年4月皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院99例IBD患者[包括61例溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和38例克罗恩病(CD)患者]的临床特征、内镜表现和病理特征.结果:与CD患者相比,UC患者的年龄明显增高,腹泻、血便发生率升高(P<0.05),腹部包块发生率降低(P=0.015).UC以全结肠型多见,CD以回结肠型多见;UC组接受5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)治疗的比例高于CD患者(90.2%对71.1%,P=0.014).2例UC患者内镜下显示黏膜缓解,CD患者为3例.UC组织病理学可见隐窝分支(57.1%)、隐窝扭曲(76.2%)、隐窝萎缩(54.8%)、隐窝不规则(28.6%).78.9%的CD患者可见溃疡,炎症浸润程度较重,以淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润为主,非干酪样肉芽肿检出率为15.8%.结论:UC患者确诊年龄较大,以腹泻和血便为主要表现,5-ASA为主要治疗药物之一,内镜下有不同程度的黏膜出血和溃疡,组织病理学以隐窝结构改变和炎症浸润为主.CD患者病变为节段性病灶,组织病理学表现以淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润为主的慢性炎症,部分可见非干酪样肉芽肿.%Background:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)is a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease and its diagnosis depends on analysis of clinical,endoscopic and pathological characteristics. Aims:To analyze the clinical, endoscopic and pathological characteristics of IBD. Methods:Clinical,endoscopic and pathological characteristics of 99 patients with IBD [including 61 ulcerative colitis (UC)and 38 Crohn's disease (CD)]from January 2010 to April 2017 at Yijishan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Compared with CD patients,age in UC patients was significantly increased,incidences of diarrhea,bloody stool were significantly increased while incidence of abdominal mass was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05). Extensive type UC and ileocolonic type CD were common. Proportion of patients received 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)was significantly higher in UC than in CD (90. 2% vs. 71. 1%,P = 0. 014). Two UC patients achieved remission shown by endoscopy,and endoscopic remission achieved in 3 CD patients. The main pathological features of UC were cryptic branching (57. 1%),cryptic twisting (76. 2%),cryptic atrophy (54. 8%)and cryptic irregularity (28. 6%). Ulcer was seen in 78. 9% of CD patients with active chronic inflammation (mainly lymphocyte and plasmocyte infiltration),and the detection rate of non-caseating granuloma was 15. 8% . Conclusions:UC patients are characterized with older age,diarrhea,bloody stool and higher administration rate of 5-ASA,and the endoscopic features were mucosal bleeding and ulcers. Pathological characteristics of UC were mainly cryptic architectural change and inflammatory infiltration,while those of CD were mainly segmental lesions and chronic inflammation with lymphocyte and plasmocyte infiltration and some with non-caseating granuloma.