广州市城乡居民血脂异常的横断面调查及其危险因素分析

摘要

目的 广州市城乡居民血脂异常的横断面调查及其危险因素分析.方法 本研究自2015年9月至2016年6月分层抽选广州市10个社区及10个乡镇作为调查点,依据调查点等距离抽取2个乡镇(或街道),每个乡镇(或街道)依据人口等距离抽取3个村(或居委会),共选取318例广州市城乡居民为研究对象,其中男159例,女159例;年龄20~79岁,平均(45.41±10.32)岁;城市居民159例,乡镇居民159例.比较不同性别研究对象、城市与乡镇居民中各类型血脂异常患病率,并分析血脂异常发生的危险因素.结果 入选研究对象中,男性和女性的年龄、文化程度、血脂异常家族史比率、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FPG)水平比较均无显著差异(P>0.05);男性体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围、吸烟史比率、饮酒史比率、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平均显著高于女性(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平显著低于女性(P<0.05).入组研究对象血脂异常患病率为52.43%,其中男性血脂异常患病率为58.54%,女性为46.34%,男性血脂异常患病率显著高于女性(P<0.05);男性低HDL-C型血脂异常占比显著高于女性(P<0.05),而高TC型、高LDL-C型血脂异常与性别无关(P>0.05).城市居民血清TC、LDL-C水平显均著高于乡镇居民(P<0.05),血清HDL-C、TG水平均显著低于乡镇居民(P<0.05).城市与乡镇居民总血脂异常患病率无显著差异(P>0.05),城市居民中高TC型、高LDL-C型及低HDL-C型血脂异常患病率显著高于乡镇居民(P<0.05).男性、年龄<60岁、吸烟史、超重或肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m2)、高血压病史、糖尿病病史均为血脂异常发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 广州市城乡居民血脂异常总发生率为52.43%,远高于全国平均水平,且城乡居民血脂异常具有各自特点,应加强对血脂高危人群的针对性防治.%Objective To investigate the cross-sectional survey and risk factors of dyslipidemia in urban and rural residents in Guangzhou. Method From September 2015 to June 2016, stratified selected 10 communities and 10 towns in Guangzhou city as the survey point, 2 villages and towns (or streets) were extracted from the distance of the survey, and each town (or street) draws 3 villages (or neighborhood committees) according to the distance of the population. A total of 318 cases of urban and rural residents in Guangzhou were selected as research subjects, included 159 males and 159 females, aged 20 ~ 79 years old, with an average of (45.41±10.32) years old, 159 urban residents and 159 rural residents. Compared the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the subjects of different sex, urban and township residents, and analyzed the risk factors of dyslipidemia. Result There were no significant differences in ages, education levels, family history of dyslipidemia, total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels between male and female subjects (P > 0.05). The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, smoking history, drinking history ratio ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of males were significantly higher than that of females (P<0.05), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly lower than that of females (P < 0.05). In study group the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 52.43%, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in male was 58.54%, female was 46.34%, male prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher than that of female (P<0.05); abnormal male patients with low HDL-C blood type proportion was significantly higher than that of female patients (P<0.05), and high TC and high LDL-C hyperlipidemia were not related to gender (P > 0.05). The levels of serum TC and LDL-C in urban residents were significantly higher than that in township residents (P<0.05), and the level of serum HDL-C and TG were significantly lower than that of township residents (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in prevalence of total dyslipidemia between urban and township residents (P > 0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban residents with high TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly higher than that in rural residents (P<0.05). Male, age<60 years old, history of smoking, overweight or obese (BMI≥24 kg/m2), history of hypertension, history of diabetes were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural residents in Guangzhou is 51.22%, significantly higher than the national average, but the incidence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural areas has its own characteristics, and strengthen the prevention and control of high risk groups of blood lipids.