随着细胞重编程技术的发展,如今我们可以通过转录因子来重编程转录组,从而使一种细胞类型转化为另一种细胞类型.值得注意的是,这种方法实现了将体细胞转化为诱导性多能干细胞(iPSCs),为获得患者特异性多功能干细胞提供了可能. Shinya Yamanaka及其研究小组于2006年首次发现了这项技术,最开始的iPSCs是由小鼠成纤维细胞在转录因子Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc的作用下诱导去分化而形成.这项技术在医疗领域具有巨大的潜力,为研究和发展治疗眼部疾病方法开创了新纪元.本文将对患者特异性iPSCs在建造三维疾病模型以及各型视网膜疾病模型,细胞替代治疗及临床试验,药物高通量筛选试验及毒性检验方面的运用进行综述,并论述直接重编程技术的进展,以及利用iPSCs和细胞重编程技术进行眼科研究的未来方向.%Current advances in cellular reprogramming technology has demonstrated that the identity of a cell can be converted by the use of master transcription factors to reprogram the transcriptome. Notably,this allows us to convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs),providing a feasible method to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. This technology was firstly discovered by Shinya Yamanaka's group in 2006. The initial iPSCs were formed by the induction of dedifferentiation in mouse fibroblasts using transcription factors:Oct4,Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. This approach has tremendous medical potentials to revolutionize the way we study and develop treatment for ocular diseases. Here we reviewed the potential of using patient-specific iPSCs for 3D disease modeling and various types of retinal disease modeling,cell replacement therapy and clinical trials,high-throughput screening test and drug toxicity testing. We also discussed the recent development of direct reprogramming and the future direction for utilising iPSCs and cellular reprogramming technology for eye research.
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