近视相关胆碱与多巴胺信号通路研究进展

摘要

It was confirmed that acetylcholine signaling pathway and dopamine signaling pathway play critical roles in refractive development.Many evidences have supported that acetylcholine and its receptor antagonists were closely related to the formation of experimental myopia.Retinal dopamine signaling could exert a significant influence on refractive development,and its upregulation induced by light comprises an important component of the retinal clock network;meanwhile,the retinal dopamine signaling could also participate in the regulation of retinal circadian rhythms.The role of intrinsic retinal circadian rhythms in the developing process of myopia is gaining increasing attention.Moreover,it was also found that both acetylcholine and dopamine signaling pathways influence the development of myopia.Therefore,the present paper summarizes the two signaling pathways in the mechanisms of regulating myopia process,which provides an insight into the pathogenesis of myopia and clinical ideas for the effective prevention and treatment of myopia.%大量研究证实,乙酰胆碱受体信号通路以及多巴胺信号通路在人眼屈光系统的发育中发挥关键作用.乙酰胆碱及其受体拮抗剂与实验性近视的形成密切相关.多巴胺不仅在近视发生和发展过程中起重要作用,其受光刺激上调的特性也是视网膜时钟网络的重要组成部分,参与了视网膜昼夜生理节律的调控,视网膜内在生理节律在近视发展过程中的作用已逐渐引起研究者的重视.另有研究发现,乙酰胆碱与多巴胺信号通路还可以共同影响近视的发展.就乙酰胆碱受体信号通路以及多巴胺信号通路在近视形成过程中的作用进行综述,以更深入地了解近视的发病机制,并为将来有效预防和治疗近视提供思路.