1019例狂犬病暴露者预防处置现状分析

摘要

Objective To understand the prophylaxis of population exposed to rabies, and provide a basis for prevention and control of rabies. Methods The registration data of 1019 cases with rabies exposure in Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Mar, 2017 to Feb, 2018 were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiologic method. Results Among the 1019 cases of rabies exposure, the sex ratio of men to women was 0. 90: 1, with the highest proportion of them were between 26 and 46 years of age old, accounting for 46. 5％ . Rabies exposure reached its peak (46. 9％ ) between June and September. In addition, 63. 3％ of the injuries were caused by dogs and 36. 7％ by cats. Most of the wounds (55. 1％ ) occurred in hands; and the second was lower limbs (26. 6％ ). Most of the cases (60. 7％ ) had grade II wounds; followed by grade III wounds (39. 1％ ); 69. 3％ of the cases completed immunization with rabies vaccine. In grade III exposure, 73. 7％ of the patients were immunized with rabies immunoglobulin. Most of the persons of grade III exposure (73. 7％ ) received inoculation with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). Conclusions Measures to control rabies should be focused on the management of dogs and cats and the standardization of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.%目的 分析狂犬病暴露后预防处置现状,为狂犬病防控提供依据.方法 采用回顾性方法,对2017年3月份至2018年2月份首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院1019例狂犬病暴露者处置登记资料进行统计分析.结果 1019例狂犬病暴露者中,男女性别比为0.90:1,年龄在26～46岁最多,占46.5％,暴露人群高峰(46.9％)在6～9月份.致伤动物犬伤占63.3％,猫伤占36.7％;致伤部位以手部最多,占55.1％,其次下肢占26.6％.致伤程度以Ⅱ级暴露多见,占60.7％,其次Ⅲ级暴露占39.1％,伤口实施规范化冲洗者占29.3％,完成全程免疫接种狂犬病疫苗者,占69.3％,Ⅲ级暴露中,浸润注射人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(human immunoglobulin,HRIG)者占73.7％.结论 对于狂犬病预防应加强犬、猫的管理和免疫,加强狂犬病暴露后预防规范化处置.