2014年中国蜱传脑炎流行病学特征

摘要

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and distribution characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis in China in 2014, and to provide scientific basis for formulating specific prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic data were obtained from the "infectious disease report information management system", using Excel 2016, GIS and other software to summarize and analyze the cases of tick borne encephalitis ( TBE) reported, using the number of cases, incidence, composition ratio and other indicators to analyze and describe the TBE epidemiological characteristics in China in 2014. Results In 2014, a total of 322 cases of TBE were reported in 9 provinces in China, with an annual incidence of 0. 024 / 100,000 and 1 death of patient. The provinces with high number of cases were Jilin province, Inner mongolia autonomous region and Heilongjiang province, and the number of cases in the other six provinces is no more than two. TBE was distributed in spring and summer, and it is concentrated in May to July. The age of the affected population was mostly concentrated in 40-49 years old, the male-female ratio was 1. 6: 1 (198 / 124), and the patients were dominantly farmers, household and unemployed workers, and forestry workers, they accounted for 49. 40％ (159 / 322), 26. 40％ (85 / 322) and 18. 60％ (60 / 322) of the national TBE cases respectively. The three hospitals that reported the most TBE cases in 2014 were Inner mongolia forestry general hospital, Jiangyuan People′s hospital of Baishan city, Jilin province and Mudanjiang forestry central hospital of Heilongjiang province. The number of reported cases in these three hospitals accounted for 68. 6％ of the whole country. The laboratory diagnosis rate of Inner mongolia forestry general hospital was the highest (91. 9％ ). Conclusions In 2014, the incidence of TBE in China has continued to rise compared with the previous two years. The geographical focus is mainly on the forest areas of Daxing′anling, Xiaoxing′anling and Changbai Mountain.%目的 分析我国2014年蜱传脑炎(tick borne encephalitis,TBE)的流行病学特征,为制订针对性的防治措施提供科学依据.方法 疫情数据来源于"传染病报告信息管理系统",使用Excel 2016、GIS等软件对我国2014年上报的蜱传脑炎病例进行汇总和处理,采用发病数、发病率、构成比等指标对其流行病学特征进行分析和描述.结果 2014年全国有9个省份共报告TBE病例322例,年报告发病率为0.024/10万,死亡1例.高发省份依次为吉林省、内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省,其他6个省份病例数均不超过2例.TBE于春夏两季多发,集中分布于5～7月份.发患者群的年龄多集中于40～49岁,男女性别比为1.6:1(198/124),职业以农民、家务及待业人员、林业工人为主,分别占总发病数的49.40％(159/322)和26.40％(85/322)、18.60％(60/322).2014年上报TBE病例主要集中在3家医院,报告病例数共占全国的68.6％.其中,内蒙古林业总医院的实验室诊断率最高(91.9％).结论 2014年我国TBE发病与前两年相比有继续上升的趋势,地域上主要集中于大兴安岭、小兴安岭和长白山的林区.