老年HIV感染者免疫功能障碍和B淋巴细胞异常的研究进展

摘要

Immune senescence is a phenomenon in which immune function gradually decreases to dysfunction with the increase of age,and it is a gradual natural degeneration process of the gene-controlled immune system.It is mainly manifested in the weakening of immune recognition and immune response,and the disorder of immune function.The immune dysfunction and immune senescence may also occur to different degree in HIV-l-infected patients and aging people.HIV infection and aging will both lead to immune dysfunction.HIV infection is associated with abnormalities in all major lymphocyte populations,including B cells,which ultimately result in severe exhaustion of several lymphocyte functions and increases susceptibility to secondary and opportunistic infections.Recently,with the increasing trend of the aging of HIV-l-infected/AIDS patients,the elderly have become a high-risk group of HIV infection.Thus,it is of great practical and clinical significance to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of B-cell abnormalities in HIV disease,compare and analyze the changes of immune system in elderly and young HIV patients,and explore more efficient ways of prevention and treatment of elderly HIV/AIDS patients.%免疫衰老是指随着年龄的增加,在由基因控制的免疫系统循序渐进地发生自然退化的过程中,免疫功能逐步发生减退与紊乱,主要表现为免疫识别和免疫应答能力的减弱,以及免疫功能的紊乱.在HIV感染者与人体衰老中也会发生不同程度的免疫功能障碍及免疫衰老.HIV感染所引起的免疫系统慢性持续的激活,造成免疫细胞亚群(包括B淋巴细胞)的异常及其功能的耗竭,增加了宿主二次感染和机会性感染的易感性.近年来,随着HIV感染者和AIDS患者的老龄化趋势的加快,老年人已成为HIV感染的高危人群.因此,深入了解HIV感染过程中,老年与青年HIV感染者免疫系统的变化,B淋巴细胞异常在HIV致病中的机制,探索更为有效的老年HIV/AIDS的防治措施,具有重要的现实和临床意义.