严重缺碘地区无碘缺乏病流行:西藏牧区人群碘营养及病情状况调查

摘要

Objective To explore the status of iodine nutrition and iodine deficiency disorders in the pasturing areas and agricultural regions in Tibet. Methods 30 families were selected respectively in pastoral Dangxiong county and agricultural Qushui county of Lasa. Drinking water and edible salt were collected for testing the iodine contents. In each type of the following populations including children aged 8-10, women of child-bearing age and male adults, 50 subjects were randomly sampled to examine their urinary iodine contents. Among them, 50 children and 50 women were randomly selected for goiter examination by palpation. Results Water iodine content was less than 2μg/L, both in pasturing area and in agricultural areas. There was no iodized salt used in the families of pasturing areas, while 90% people consumed iodized salt in agricultural areas. The median of urinary iodine in pasturing area was 50.2 μg/L, significantly lower than that of agricultural area (193.2μg/L). However, the goiter rate of children and women in pasturing area was significantly lower than that in agricultural area. Conclusion Although iodine intake of populations in pasturing area of Tibet was severely deficient, there was no epidemic of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. This phenomenon noticed by the researchers deserved further investigation.%目的 调查西藏牧区和农区人群碘营养状况和甲状腺肿患病情况.方法 在拉萨市当雄县牧区和曲水县农区各抽取30户家庭,采集饮用水样和盐样检测碘含量,随机抽取8～10岁儿童、育龄妇女和成年男性人群至少50人,检测尿碘含量;在采集尿样的儿童和育龄妇女中,各随机抽取50人进行甲状腺触诊检查.结果 牧区和农区水碘均不足2 μg/L;牧区研究对象全部食用非碘盐,农区对照人群碘盐食用率为90%;牧区人群尿碘中位数仅为50.2μg/L,显著低于农区(193.2μg/L);牧区儿童和育龄妇女甲状腺肿率显著低于农区.结论 牧区人群碘摄入严重不足,但无碘缺乏病流行,该现象值得思考和进一步研究.