目的 了解2岁以下藏族农村儿童的母亲膳食结构特点.方法 采用半定量食物频率问卷于2008年对拉萨农村2岁以下藏族儿童的母亲进行横断面调查.结果 共调查386名农村2岁以下藏族儿童母亲,平均年龄28.5岁,平均受教育年限为4.6年.其家庭人均消费植物油25.9 g/d,显著低于全国平均水平(P＜0.01),动物性油脂中酥油、糖和盐的人均每日消费量分别为27.8 g、12.9g和14.8 g,显著高于全国平均水平(P＜0.01).共调查91种食物.其中22种食物的中位摄入频率为每周一次及以上.因子分析提取三个主要因子,反映三种膳食结构类型,第一因子是植物性膳食结构,其特点是以蔬菜、谷类、水果为主,辅以少量肉类、奶和豆制品,是该人群的主导膳食;第二因子是藏族特色膳食,主要摄入以糌粑为代表的富有藏族特色的食物,辅以简单蔬菜;第三因子是以肉类和奶制品为主的膳食,富有藏族特色.妇女每日平均摄入能量2097.02 kcal,达到膳食营养素参考摄入量(RNI)的91.2%,蛋白质的摄入量只达到RNI的82%,维生素A摄入量只相当于RNI的34.7%,钙、铁和锌的摄入量相当于RNI的64.6%、174.1%和150.7%.65%的能量来自谷类,动物性食物只提供了7.4%的能量和15.5%的蛋白质,57.6%的铁来自糌粑.结论 拉萨农村2岁以下藏族儿童母亲的膳食以植物性食物为主,膳食结构单调,存在蛋白质、能量及微营养素摄入不足.%Objective To explore the dietary pattern of rural Tibetan women with children under 2 years of age.Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary pattern together with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among Tibetan women in rural Lhasa in 2008.Results 386 women were investigated with the average age as 28.5 years old and average schooling-years as 4.6.For each member in the woman's family,daily intake of vegetable oil was 25.9 g on average.Daily intake of butter,sugar and salt were 27.8 g,12.9 g and 14.8 g respectively,which were higher than figures from national nutrition and health survey (P＜0.01).Among 91 kinds of food under investigation,only 22 kinds with the frequencies of consumption more than 1 time per day.Three main factors were derived by factor analysis.The first factor represented vegetable pattern characterized with vegetables,grains,fruits and a few animal foods.It was a dominant pattern for the subjects,which explained nearly 10% variance.The second one was Tibetan style pattern in which Tibetan foods and a few vegetables were consumed.The last one called meats and milk products pattern also reflected the Tibetan dietary style.Daily intake of energy for women was 2097.02 kcal which met 91.2% of Chinese recommended nutrients intake (RNI).Daily intake of protein and fat reached 82% of RNI and vitamin A but only 34.7% on RNI.Daily intake of calcium,iron and zinc reached 64.6%,174.1% and 150.7% of RNI,receptively.Grains provided 65% of energy but only 7.4% of the energy and 15.5% of protein were from animal foods."Tsampa" provided 57.6% of iron.Conclusion Vegetable pattern had been the dominant dietary pattern among Tibetan women in rural Lhasa.Intake of energy,protein and some micronutrients were not sufficient.
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