广州市中小学生运动伤害危险因素的配对病例对照分析

摘要

目的 探讨中小学生运动伤害的危险因素.方法 按性别、年龄、班级1:1配对原则,通过样本量计算选择349对运动伤害病例和对照,采用单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析.结果中小学生发生运动伤害的危险因素是:鞋底磨损大(OR=7.20,95%CI:2.37～21.84)、疲倦(OR=14.34,95%CI:2.29～89.66)、带病时参加运动的频率高(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.29～3.06)和既往伤害史(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.41～3.96).运动伤害的保护因素:体育训练时有老师指导动作(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.26～0.79)、运动时做防护措施(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.20～0.64)和运动前热身运动的频率高(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.14～0.67).结论 中小学生运动伤害与个人因素、家庭因素和社会因素有关;应提高学生和老师的安全运动意识,减少运动伤害危险行为的发生.%Objective To investigate the risk factors and to provide evidence for prevention and reduction of sports injuries in primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Methods 1:1 case-control study was conducted on both 349 cases and controls under the same distribution of sex, age and grade. Conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationships between risk factors and injuries. Results Severe soles wear (OR=7.20, 95% CI: 2.37-21.84),tiredness (OR= 14.34,95%CI:2.29-89.66) or sickness (OR=1.96,95%CI: 1.29-3.06) when participating in sports at a high frequency and history of previous injuries (OR=2.11,95%CI: 1.41-3.96) were risk factors related to sports injury while guidance by teachers and physical education provided by teachers during training (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.79) , appropriate protection (OR= 0.36, 95%CI: 0.20-0.64) as well as warming-up exercise (OR=0.31,95%CI: 0.14-0.67) at a high frequency were protective factors for sports injury. Conclusion Prevention and control on sports injury need to improve the awareness on sports safety for students and teachers in order to develop positive behavior on sports safety.