社区高血压控制:血压管理效果的评价

摘要

Objective To determine the effects related to community-based standardized blood pressure management programs on the control of hypertension. Methods A protocol of community-based standardized blood pressure management was developed based on the current Chinese guideline for prevention, treatment of hypertension. Grass-roots caretakers from community health service centers across China were trained using this protocol and required to manage hypertensive patients according to the protocol. Patients were treated on therapeutic life style change or/and medication, and followed up based on the criteria of risk stratification. The control rate of hypertension was evaluated after 1 year. Effect of intervention (EI) was estimated as '1 year rate (mean)' minus the number showed at the baseline. Results By the end of 2008, a total of 29 411 hypertensive patients (47.2% for male, mean age 61.4+10.9 years) with full information had been under management for one year according to the protocol. Among all patients, 8.9% were classified as under low risk, 50.8% as moderate risk and 40.3% as high and very high risk showed in baseline data. After standardized management, the EI of smoking, drinking and systolic/diastolic blood pressure were -7.1% (P<0.05) , -7.3% (P<0.05) , and-14.8/-8.3 mm Hg (P<0.05) , respectively. However, EI of overweight/obesity was 0.3% (P>0.05). For all patients, the control rate rose to 74.7%,with EI as 53.1%, and all of the sub-groups, including age, risk stratification, had significant increases. The longer the management was under, the higher the control rate was seen. Results from the multivariate logistic regression showed that older age, male and having higher blood level were adverse factors for the undertaking the control and management programs of hypertension. Conclusion Results from our study showed that standardized management could significantly improve the program on the control of hypertension at the community level, in China.%目的 通过在社区开展高血压规范化管理,评价其对血压控制的效果.方法 以<中国高血压防治指南>为依据制定基层高血压规范化管理方案,进而用此方案对基层医务人员进行规范化培训,要求受训医务人员按照方案要求管理患者,主要进行非药物和药物干预、分级管理,每例患者至少管理1年.主要指标为血压控制率,干预效果为1年后的率(均值)-基线的率(均值).结果到2008年底,资料齐全且规范化管理满1年的患者共29411例(男性47.2%,年龄61.4岁±10.9岁).其中危险分层低危、中危、高危(很高危)者分别占8.9%、50.8%、40.3%.规范化管理后,患者的吸烟率、饮酒率的干预效果分别为-7.1%和-7.3%(P<0.05),SBP、DBP分别为-14.8mm Hg和-8.3mm Hg(P<0.05);而超重肥胖率较基线高0.3%(P>0.05).1年后高血压控制率上升至74.7%,干预效果为53.1%(P<0.05),各亚组患者的控制率均有显著升高;不同危险分层患者的血压控制率随管理时间延长而逐步升高.多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄大、男性、基线血压水平较高是高血压控制的不利因素.结论 在社区高血压患者中进行规范化管理可以显著改善高血压控制状况.