湖北省麻城农村留守儿童心理健康状况及其与社会资本的相关性研究

摘要

目的 了解湖北省麻城农村留守儿童心理健康状况,探讨社会资本与心理健康的关系.方法 采用横断面研究,在湖北省麻城市随机抽取2个外出务工人员较多的乡镇为调查现场,在每个乡镇随机抽取小学(6年级)、初中、高中各1所,以多阶段整群抽样的方法筛选出1 031名留守儿童为研究对象.利用自编社会资本问卷及《中国中学生心理健康量表》进行调查.采用X2检验、非条件logistic回归模型分析留守儿童心理问题检出率差异以及社会资本与心理健康的关系.结果 留守儿童心理问题检出率为54.12％.随着每月零用钱的增多,外出打工父母与家里联系频次的减少及想念父母频率的降低,心理问题检出率呈增长趋势,经趋势x2检验,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).非条件多因素logistic回归分析显示,留守儿童中高中生心理问题发生危险高于小学生(OR=2.410～2.682),对父母外出打工持“无所谓”态度(OR=2.048～ 2.420,均P＜0.001)会增加留守儿童心理问题发生危险.控制人口学特征及留守相关因素后,家庭(OR=0.845,95％CI:0.801 ～ 0.891)、邻里(OR=0.867,95％CI:0.826 ～ 0.910)、学校(OR=0.893,95％CI:0.863～0.923)社会资本为心理健康的保护因素.结论 农村留守儿童心理问题检出率较高,社会资本是留守儿童心理健康的重要保护因素,提高留守儿童家庭、邻里和学校社会资本有助于改善其心理健康状况.%Objective To understand the status of mental health among left-behind children in rural area and to explore its relationship with social capital.Methods A sample of 1 031 leftbehind children,aged 10-18 years,was randomly selected from six schools of two townships in Macheng city of Hubei province where large number of rural parents were working in the urban area.Data from a cross-sectional survey was collected among the sampled students from primary,middle and high schools,using self-designed questionnaires which targeting the ‘ left-behind’ condition and social capital Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students (MMHI-60).Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in mental health among different groups.Spearman correlation and logistical regression analysis were applied to assess the relationship between social capital and mental health.Results The prevalence of mental problems was 54.12％.Results from linear x2 test indicated that the detection rates of mental problems were parallel with the monthly pocket money and the reduction in the frequency of contacting migrant father/mother (P＜0.01).Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that students who were senior (OR=2.410-2.682,P＜0.001),and who reported not caring about their parents (OR =2.048-2.420,P＜ 0.001) were at increased risks for mental health problems.After controlling the demographic characteristics and conditions of staying relevant factors,family social capital (OR =0.845,95％ CI:0.801-0.891),neighborhood social capital (OR=0.867,95％CI:0.826-0.910) and school social capital (OR=0.893,95％CI:0.863-0.923) were all associated with declined risks of mental health problems,in which the family social capital was the most important one.Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems was high among the left-behind children in rural area.Much attention should be paid to assist these children in improving their mental health status.One promising approach appeared to be improving social capitals which would include family social capital,neighborhood social capital,and school social capital to assist these children from avoiding mental health problems.